Ubuntu installing kernel ошибка

You might have successfully installed a different kernel version, but in order to boot into it, you need to tell the bootloader to do so.

I’m going to assume that you are using GRUB2 as bootloader, since it’s standard on most distributions including Ubuntu. In order to boot the new kernel, you have multiple options.

Option 1

This is the safest and recommended option.

1. Edit the GRUB configuration file /etc/default/grub (you need to be root, so use something like sudo vi or sudo nano) and make sure that you have GRUB_TIMEOUT=N where N is a number of seconds. If you don’t, then just add it in a new line. You want N to be at least 5 or 10 so that you have time to select the correct kernel version when GRUB starts.

   Additionally, make sure that you do not have any of the following lines (you shouldn’t have them, but if you do, remove or comment them):

   GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
   GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=y
   GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=N
   GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
   

2. Save the changes to /etc/default/grub and run sudo update-grub. This will detect currently installed kernels and add them to the bootable list when you start the computer and enter GRUB.

3. Reboot your PC, when GRUB starts you will see a list of options. If you don’t do anything, your default kernel will boot, otherwise you can use the arrow keys and the ENTER key to navigate to «Advanced options for Ubuntu», where you will find the list of available kernels and you will be able to select the one you prefer.

   It should look something like this:

   

   

Option 2

Use only as fallback if option 1 does not work (it should, but you never know). This is not as clean as option 1 because it changes the default kernel, and changes are also probably going to be overridden by an upgrade of your current kernel (which technically does exactly this to update the default version).

1. Make the kernel you want the default one by changing the two symlinks /initrd.img and /vmilunuz to point to the right versions of the kernel and initrd image. This can be done either manually or through the linux-update-symlinks command.

   $ linux-version list --paths
     ... grab the correct VERSION and PATH ...
   
   $ sudo linux-update-symlinks install VERSION PATH
   

2. Run sudo update-grub to let GRUB detect the changes.

3. Reboot your PC.

Option 3

Manually boot into the kernel you want from the GRUB command line. This is an advanced option and I’m listing it only as a last resort, you should never need to do this unless you have completely broken your system configuration.

1. Reboot the PC into GRUB, and as soon as you see it, press C to enter the GRUB command line.
2. Follow this answer from now on.

In any case, remember that playing around with kernel development on your own machine is not a good idea if you are not sure what you are doing. I recommend you use a virtual machine to experiment with the kernel, that way if anything goes wrong you can just throw it away and create a new one.

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Issue

I’m new to the kernel community and I’m learning how to compile and install the Linux kernel, but I’m unable to install it. I’m running a 6 core Ryzen 5 and Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, and I’m using gcc for my compiler. My current kernel version is 5.11.0-38-generic and I’m trying to compile and install version 5.14.14. I’m using Greg Kroah Heartman’s Linux Kernel in a nutshell as a guide. First I download the most recent mainline kernel from kernel.org. Then, I run make menuconfig to generate a .config for my system. Next, I run make -j12 to compile the kernel, which runs fine and doesn’t return any errors. I’ve been running into trouble with installing it. After running make install I get the following error output:

arch/x86/Makefile:148: CONFIG_X86_X32 enabled but no binutils support
sh ./arch/x86/boot/install.sh \
    5.14.14 arch/x86/boot/bzImage \
    System.map "/boot"

 *** Missing file: arch/x86/boot/bzImage
 *** You need to run "make" before "make install".

make[1]: *** [arch/x86/boot/Makefile:161: install] Error 1
make: *** [arch/x86/Makefile:280: install] Error 2

install.sh is telling me that there is no bzImage file in my arch directory. I checked and indeed the file is missing. I tried looking up «missing bzImage file» but couldn’t find anything helpful. Why isn’t make generating a big zImage file?

Solution

I tried Justin Iurman’s recommendation in the above comment and it worked for installing the kernel. I needed to run make bzImage before make. I had to edit one line in the config file before make bzImage was successful. However, sudo make install gave some strange output:

arch/x86/Makefile:148: CONFIG_X86_X32 enabled but no binutils support
sh ./arch/x86/boot/install.sh \
    5.14.14 arch/x86/boot/bzImage \
    System.map "/boot"
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 5.14.14 /boot/vmlinuz-5.14.14
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 5.14.14 /boot/vmlinuz-5.14.14
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.14.14                                                                                                                                              Error! Your kernel headers for kernel 5.14.14 cannot be found.
Please install the linux-headers-5.14.14 package,
or use the --kernelsourcedir option to tell DKMS where it's located
Error! Your kernel headers for kernel 5.14.14 cannot be found.
Please install the linux-headers-5.14.14 package,
or use the --kernelsourcedir option to tell DKMS where it's located
                                                                                                                                                                                                    [ OK ]
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 5.14.14 /boot/vmlinuz-5.14.14
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.14.14
W: missing /lib/modules/5.14.14
W: Ensure all necessary drivers are built into the linux image!
depmod: ERROR: could not open directory /lib/modules/5.14.14: No such file or directory
depmod: FATAL: could not search modules: No such file or directory
cat: /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_lEKSEC/lib/modules/5.14.14/modules.builtin: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open modules.order at /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_lEKSEC/lib/modules/5.14.14: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open modules.builtin at /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_lEKSEC/lib/modules/5.14.14: No such file or directory
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 5.14.14 /boot/vmlinuz-5.14.14
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 5.14.14 /boot/vmlinuz-5.14.14
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/xx-update-initrd-links 5.14.14 /boot/vmlinuz-5.14.14
I: /boot/initrd.img.old is now a symlink to initrd.img-5.11.0-38-generic
I: /boot/initrd.img is now a symlink to initrd.img-5.14.14
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 5.14.14 /boot/vmlinuz-5.14.14
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.14.14
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.14.14
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-38-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-38-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-37-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-37-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
done

It seems that although I was able to install the kernel, it didn’t boot properly, but since my question was on installing the kernel, I’ll mark this question closed.

Answered By — David Chidester

I tried to install latest upstream kernel(linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic_3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935_amd64.deb) from here but installation failed with this error:

user@user-pc:~$ sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic_3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935_amd64.deb
(Reading database ... 228154 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic_3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic (3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935) over (3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic:
 linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic depends on linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2; however:
  Package linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2 is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic

I tried to install with using GDebi and I get this error:

user@user-pc:~$ sudo gdebi linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic_3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935_amd64.deb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Building data structures... Done
Building data structures... Done
This package is uninstallable
Dependency is not satisfiable: linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2

After that I saw this icon on top bar:

by right-click on it, this error message written in it:

An error occurred, please run Package Manager from the right-click
menu or apt-get in a teminal to see what is wrong. The error message
was :’Error:BrokenCount>0′. This usually means that your installed
packages have unment dependences

and three another options such as Show updates, Show Notifications and Preferences. I click on Show updates and now this window start to upgrade the Distribution

Now that finished with this window shown:

I choice Remove and popup window asks «restart to complete», and after restart I tried to install again this kernel but I get the same errors that I mentioned in above.

Here is the output of try install again with some error:

user@user-pc:~$ cd /home/user/install-kernel
user@user-pc:~/install-kernel$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb
[sudo] password for user: 
(Reading database ... 255488 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2_3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935_all.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2 (3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935) over (3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935) ...
Preparing to unpack linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic_3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic (3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935) over (3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935) ...
Preparing to unpack linux-image-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic_3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935_amd64.deb ...
Done.
Unpacking linux-image-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic (3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935) over (3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.17.0-031700rc2-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.17.0-031700rc2-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic
Setting up linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2 (3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935) ...
Setting up linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic (3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms 3.17.0-031700rc2-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic
ERROR (dkms apport): kernel package linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic is not supported
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.17.0-031700rc2-generic (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/bcmwl/6.30.223.141+bdcom/build/make.log for more information.
ERROR (dkms apport): kernel package linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic is not supported
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.17.0-031700rc2-generic (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-304-updates/304.117/build/make.log for more information.
Setting up linux-image-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic (3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
Not updating initrd symbolic links since we are being updated/reinstalled 
(3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935 was configured last, according to dpkg)
Not updating image symbolic links since we are being updated/reinstalled 
(3.17.0-031700rc2.201408251935 was configured last, according to dpkg)
Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 3.17.0-031700rc2-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 3.17.0-031700rc2-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic
ERROR (dkms apport): kernel package linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic is not supported
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.17.0-031700rc2-generic (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/bcmwl/6.30.223.141+bdcom/build/make.log for more information.
ERROR (dkms apport): kernel package linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic is not supported
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.17.0-031700rc2-generic (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-304-updates/304.117/build/make.log for more information.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.17.0-031700rc2-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.17.0-031700rc2-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.17.0-031700rc2-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.17.0-031700rc2-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.17.0-031700rc2-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-34-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-34-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found Windows 8 (loader) on /dev/sda1
done
user@user-pc:~/install-kernel$