Ошибки мира юрского периода

The novels, books, toys, films, and games in the Jurassic Park franchise have had many scientfic inaccuracies. This is sometimes often due to Michael Crichton’s inaccurate research or intentional inaccuracies, director decisions, technological limitations, or scriptwriters, authors, toy and game makers lack of scientific knowledge.^[1] Past Jurassic media, while accurate for its time such as early movies and books, may become outdated years later as understanding of dinosaurs and new research comes to light.

• Dr. Bobby Carter hears from the dying worker the phrase «Lo sa raptor.» He looks it up in the dictionary and finds it means «bird of prey.» The name Velociraptor means «speedy thief.»^[2][3]
• Dr. Martin Gutierrez first identifies Procompsognathus as an ordinary Basiliscus amoratus. However, there exists no amoratus species.^[4]
• In the saliva of Procompsognathus, traces are found of Gamma-amino methionine hydrolase, a genetic marker for cloned animals. But there exists no genetic marker in real life with that name.^[5]
• During Tim Murphy’s brief recollection of his tour at the museum, he and his dad see a Camptosaurus skeleton. Tim’s father believes that Camptosaurus originates from the Jurassic period and in reply, his son informs his father that it is from the Cretaceous period. Actually, Camptosaurus did live in the Jurassic period, meaning that Tim’s dad was correct all along.
• Dr. Henry Wu informs the consultation group the temperature and humidity of the hatchery and Dr. Alan Grant identifies it as «Jurassic atmosphere.» When the inspection team meets their first baby dinosaur, it is a Velociraptor which lived during the Late Cretaceous period.^[6] That dinosaur, along with other non-Jurassic period dinosaurs would not have survived properly when hatched there.
• Only female mosquitos bite animals. It would be a gigantic process discerning a) whether the insect in the amber was a mosquito; b) was it a female mosquito; c) did it bite a dinosaur. Also, in the first movie, the mosquito depicted is male mosquito.^[7][8]
• DNA, which is central to this novel, its sequel and most of the franchise, has a half-life of 521 years. This means that every 1,000 years, 75 per cent of the genetic information is lost. After 6.8 million years, every single base pair would have disappeared. The DNA extracted from the mosquitos would not be any full sequence.^[9]
• Leaving aside the issues of obtaining dinosaur DNA, reptiles cannot be cloned the way mammals are. Cloning an animal involves implanting new DNA inside an egg cell so the new embryo will grow into a copy of the donor organism. This cannot be done with reptiles or birds because the presence of the eggshell and yolk make placing new DNA into the egg impossible.
• Dr. Wu says he made the cloned dinosaurs Lysine contingent so that they will be dependent on feeding by park staff and will not survive in the wild.^[10] Yet, in reality, no animals are capable of producing lysine that is, there is no need to genetically alter the dinosaurs to be Lysine contingent.
• As noted above, the hatchery is set to Jurassic period temperature and humidity. Yet the outside environment of the park cannot be controlled. It would be almost impossible for the cloned dinosaurs, even those with amphibian DNA, to survive in an environment that they originally never existed in.
• The novel famously mentions that several carnivorous dinosaurs will not attack or eat prey unless the prey moves.^[11][12][13] Yet it is disputed by scientists that a predator like a Tyrannosaurus rex for example could clearly see objects, still or moving. You can read examples here, here and here. In the first film, Grant shouts, «Don’t move! He (the T. rex) can’t see you, if you don’t move.» Crichton himself corrected this in his sequel, where Dr. George Baselton stood still in front of a T. rex yet got eaten alive by the dinosaur immediately afterwards.^[14]
• Grant and Dr. Ellie Sattler remark towards the end that the park has reached «true Jurassic equilibrium» because the dinosaurs have mixed together due to the fences being down, yet many of the cloned dinosaurs are from other periods besides the Jurassic period.^[15]
• In the epilogue, Dr. Gutierrez mentions to Grant that unknown animals are eating agama beans which Grant replies that is a foodstuff rich in lysine. There are no such real-world beans by that name.^[16]

The Lost World[]

• Crichton through Malcolm mentions a series of mathematical and evolutional theories in the Prologue.^[17] One of them, «The Lost World» is fictional but naturally is central to be novel’s plot.^[18]
• Dr. Elizabeth Gelman identifies «chromatophores, or pigment-bearing cells» on the sample that Dr. Richard Levine air mailed Dr. Ian Malcolm, meaning the animal could change its skin color.^[19] Levine previously identified the carcass he saw as an Ornitholestes, however, there is no factual evidence that this dinosaur was a chameleon.^[20][21]
• As above, it is unlikely that abandoned dinosaurs can survive in an environment they originally never existed in, that is Isla Sorna’s environment was naturally not the same as that of the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
• Michael Crichton wrote that female T. rex were larger than males. This may be true when he wrote the story, though recent studies dispute this. Also see a similar article or an article that agrees with what Crichton wrote.^[22]
• Doctors Richard Levine and Jack Thorne mention the «Sauropod Neck Posture», see this where sauropods may not have actually raised their necks to eat leaves on tree tops. This corrects what Crichton himself wrote in the first novel. While this may be an inaccuracy, other scientists have asserted that saropods do raise their necks.^[23]
• In that same chapter, Levine mentions a plant called the Dicranopteris cyatheoides which is mildly toxic. This is fictional plant.
• The group minus Sarah Harding sees Apatosaurus and Parasaurolophus positioning themselves close to the former. Levine explains this is a defensive posture with the Apatosaurus «very strong but weak-sighted» while the Parasaurolophus are «smaller, but have very sharp vision.» However, Apatosaurus originated from the late Juarassic Period while Parasaurolophus originated from the late Cretaceous period and thus would never have mixed together. This mixing occurred because it took place on an island in the present day.^[24]
• There is no scientific theory called «Softening Up the Beachhead».^[24]
• Levine recalleds that his guide Diego was killed by a Carnotaurus originating from the Gorro Frigo formation in Argentina. There is no such real life formation. Carnotaurus originated from the Pampa de Gastre, in the province of Chubut.^[18][25][26]
• As Thorne drives, Eddie Carr asks Malcolm to continue to discuss his theory of dinosaur extinction and evolution. Malcolm, or rather Crichton, states that dinosaurs lasted 150 million years. Recent sources state they lasted for around 165 million years.^[27][28]
• Malcolm finds on the InGen computer that the baby dinosaurs were fed goats milk and Harding says that is hypoallergenic. That is true that young animals consume such milk, albeit only mammals not reptiles.^[29][30]
• As Harding and Kelly Curtis chase after the raptor, they encounter Benettitalean cycads.^[31] These existed in the Triassic period. It is unknown how InGen reproduced such extinct flora and would be scientifically impossible.^[32]
• Carnotaurus are depicted to be chameleons and dislike bright light. There is no factual evidence that Carnotaurus are chameleons. See this example and another example.^[33]
• Dr. Malcolm remarks that the Permian extinction event killed «killed eighty percent of all life on the planet (and) no one knows why that catastrophe happened.»^[34] This fact may be true at the time of Crichton’s research, however, a source states that in fact the event «over 95 percent of marine and 70 percent of terrestrial species» and gives factors why it happened.^[35]

Jurassic World: Dominion[]

• The Jurassic World: Dominion prologue shows dinosaurs from all over the Cretaceous period living together. Dreadnoughtus and Giganotosaurus live in South America, Iguanodon live in the Early Cretaceous in England, Oviraptor live in Mongolia and Moros live in the Early Cretaceous.
• It was also mentioned that BioSyn’s dinosaurs are purebred (meaning they were supposed to be 100% scientifically accurate), even though many of the animals have scientific inaccuracies like the Giganotosaurus.

General inaccuracy of theropods[]

• The theropods from the saga are all shown with pronated wrists. In real life, their wrists were in held sideways as if clapping.
• New research shows that like some birds and crocodiles its likely all Theropods used low frequency sounds to communicate instead of roaring.

Dinosaurs[]

The dinosaurs showcased here are created by Ingen and Biosyn, which mean they were never meant to be accurate according to Dr. Wu. It is unknown if Albertosaurus, Edmontosaurus, Herrerasaurus, Procompsognathus and Troodon will appear in future Jurassic Park films.

Albertosaurus[]

• In Jurassic Park: Builder, Albertosaurus is shown to have three fingers instead of two fingers in real life.

Allosaurus[]

• Juveniles of the genus seem to have pronated wrists as seen in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. Interestingly, in later installments such as Battle at Big Rock and Jurassic World: Dominion, adult Allosaurus are shown with supinated wrists.

Ankylosaurus[]

• Ankylosaur lacks of shell. Aren’t able to make spin for the tailclub attack against predators or enemies.
• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Ankylosaurus are shown to be able to run, which is unlikely in real life due to their heavy armor and their short legs.

Apatosaurus[]

• In Jurassic World, Apatosaurus is shown to be chewing its food instead of swallowing it and using stones to help the digestion.
• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Apatosaurus are shown to be able to run, which was impossible in real life due to their massive weight, like the Brachiosaurus.
• They also have mutliple claws on their forelimbs instead of one and have the wrong hand shape.

Atrociraptor[]

• The Atrociraptor shown in Jurassic World: Dominion suffer the same inaccuracies as its more popular cousin, Velociraptor. In real life, Atrociraptor was smaller than its movie counterpart and most likely covered with feathers. Moreover, there doesn’t seem to be any evidence of pack-hunting, making this behavior speculative.

Baryonyx[]

• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, the Baryonyx that appears has a snout similar to that of an American Alligator’s than an accurate, slender snout in real life. It also touches hot lava and only gets set back a few steps. In real life, touching lava would never only set an animal a few steps back. It would cause third degree burns and melting of the scales. The claws on the first digits of the Baryonyx are smaller and straighter than the real-world counterpart.

Brachiosaurus[]

• In Jurassic Park, Brachiosaurus manages to stand on two legs. In real life this was not possible because of its enormous weight, and also due to the fact that its hind legs were shorter than its front legs.
• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Brachiosaurus can be seen walking faster, something that was rather unlikely given its size and weight.
• Brachiosaurus possesses nostrils located closer to its mouth rather than on its forehead.

Carnotaurus[]

• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, a Carnotaurus tries to attack Owen Grady and a Sinoceratops during the volcanic eruption of Mount Sibo. This is illogical, because in real life the survival instinct of an animal would always be stronger than its hunting instinct, which is why the Carnotaurus would normally try to flee from this danger with the other dinosaurs.
• It is also shown to be more muscular than its original counterpart. As it more slender build and arms more on torso then hanging.

Ceratosaurus[]

• Ceratosaurus doesn’t have any inaccuracies in Jurassic Park III and Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous other than being somewhat larger than its fossil record counterpart. In real life it has more of crest then horn.

Compsognathus[]

• In The Lost World: Jurassic Park, Compsognathus is portrayed as a pack hunter who can even kill a human. There is no scientific evidence of such behavior and it is unlikely that Compsognathus was in any form dangerous to humans.
• In Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous, it is stated that Compsognathus is venomous. There is no evidence for this.

Concavenator[]

• In Jurassic World: The Game, Concavenator is depicted without quills, can go on four legs by pronating its wrists, has a flexible tail, has osteoderms similar to that of the abelisaurids, and a shrink wrapped skull without the lizard like lips. It is also depicted as being able to roar when it is uncertain if theropods and other dinosaurs roared due to a lack of scientific evidence.
• In the toy production, Concavenator has four fingers instead of three fingers.

Corythosaurus[]

• Although the Corythosaurus from Jurassic Park III appears to be mostly accurate, it has free fingered hands rather than having its fingers fused together into a hoof, lacks a keratinous beak, and appears to have a flexible tail.

Dilophosaurus[]

• In Jurassic Park, Dilophosaurus is depicted as small with a retractable neck frill and able to spit out venom. In real life, Dilophosaurus was twice the size of what was shown in the first movie and had no neck frill or venom. However, the size can be excused as it turn out to be a juvenile.^[36]
• The Dilophosaurus in Jurassic Park doesn’t have air sacs as shown by a recent study, but this was long after the release of the movie.
• In the first Jurassic World Evolution game, the Dilophosaurus lived in both the Lower Lefung Series, and the Ziliujing Formation in China. It doesn’t make any scene because in real life, Dilophosaurus lived in the Kayenta Formation in North America. At least they got that one right in the second game.

Dreadnoughtus[]

• In Jurassic World: Dominion, the Dreadnoughtus can bathe in a deep lake, chew up its food, lacks extensive cheeks, and can raise up its neck high when scientific evidence proves this inaccurate.

Edmontosaurus[]

• In Jurassic World Evolution and Jurassic World Evolution 2, the Edmontosaurus has a flexible tail, lacks the skin ornamentation on its neck, and has claws on its forefeet rather than a horse like hoof when recent evidence proves this false. Their tail isn’t that flexible it’s more stiff.

Gallimimus[]

• In Jurassic Park, Gallimimus has no feathers. It is also shown as a herbivore instead of an omnivore. It also has teeth.

Giganotosaurus[]

• The prologue of Jurassic World: Dominion showed a fight between a Giganotosaurus and a Tyrannosaurus rex. However, the Giganotosaurus lived about 30 million years before the Tyrannosaurus rex, so this event could have never taken place place in real life, as the two species never met.
• The Giganotosaurus had spikes and osteoderms, just like crocodiles. However, Giganotosaurus and other Carcharodontosauridae members, didn’t have such integument, but the Dominion Giganotosaurus also has a protruding hump on it’s back, which was further accentuated by the spikes and osteoderms.
• The fossil record showed that the animal’s wrists were at the side, just like birds. The film version Giganotosaurus actually got the correct wrists, with the only major difference being that the real Giganotosaurus arms would have been slightly smaller.
• In Jurassic World: Dominion marketing and the film itself, the Giganotosaurus is declared the «biggest» or «largest» terrestrial carnivore to have ever lived. In real life, the spinosaurus currently holds that title.

Herrerasaurus[]

• In Jurassic Park: The Game, Herrerasaurus is depicted with pronated hands, a flexible tail, only 3 fingers and 4 toes (rather than having five), and has a speculative segmented underbelly that is completely unknown in dinosaurs.

Iguanodon[]

• In Jurassic World: Dominion, the Iguanodon appears to have a flexible tail and has claws on its forefeet rather than a horse like hoof.

Kentrosaurus[]

• Pierce the Kentrosaurus lacks the ossicles under his throat, has a shorter neck, and is far larger than his real life counterpart, being taller than a human rather than being a little over half the height of a man if one doesn’t count the armored plates or tail spikes it has.

Microceratus[]

• In Jurassic World: Dominion, the Microceratus seems to be bigger than in real life, with an upturned frill, unusual eye position, and stockier body frame.

Monolophosaurus[]

• Monolophosaurus doesn’t seems to have inaccuracies despite a slit eye and a row of spines across its neck and back, as they were portrayed to not be pack dinosaurs. In Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous, Monolophosaurus hunt in pack because of the presence of the Scorpios rex.

Moros[]

• Moros doesn’t live in the Late Cretaceous and rather the Early Cretaceous.
• Moros didn’t live in South America, rather they lived in the Utah, United States.
• Moros is depicted in the franchise as being duck-sized when it actually was estimated to be the size of a deer in real life.

Nasutoceratops[]

• In Battle at Big Rock, male Nasutoceratops are larger than females and have longer thicker horns. In principle, such a dimorphism doesn’t seem unlikely, as male animals are actually often larger than females, but there is no scientific evidence that this also applies to the Nasutoceratops.

Ouranosaurus[]

• In Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous, Ouranosaurus are depicted with molars and a generally incorrect stance.

Oviraptor[]

• Jurassic World: Dominion: The Prologue, the Oviraptor lacks wings. It is also falsely shown eating eggs

Pachycephalosaurus[]

• Crichton through Levine states that «nobody knows anything about (the Pachycephalosaurus).» That was around 1995. Today there are articles like this one give facts about the Pachycephalosaurus. It is may have eaten both plants and meat. They may have not be so aggressive.^{[37][38][39][40]}
• In Jurassic Park: Explorer, the Pachycephalosaurus appears to be larger than usual.

Parasaurolophus[]

• The Parasaurolophus receives a more accurate design in Jurassic World: Dominion with the speculative addition of a goat eye.

Procompsognathus[]

• In both Crichton novels, Procompsognathus are depicted as scavengers and like the Dilophosaurus, have a poisonous venom, killing John Hammond in the first novel. In reality, Procompsognathus ate small animals and insects and never had a poisonous venom.^{[41][42][43][44]}

Pyroraptor[]

• It remains unknown whether Pyroraptor can swim like a cormorant or penguin. This could be speculative evolution.
• Pyroraptor is larger than its real life counterpart, as well as having slit eyes.

Sinoceratops[]

• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Sinoceratops are represented with two holes in their neck frill and two horns at the center of their frill.

Spinosaurus[]

• In Jurassic Park III, Spinosaurus is depicted as a super predator that didn’t hunt in water, in reality it was a wading generalist with narrower jaws, a singular crest on its head, shorter legs, and no pronated hands.
• Spinosaurus doesn’t have a paddle shaped tail in the third movie. However, this was not known at the time.

Stegosaurus[]

• In The Lost World: Jurassic Park, Stegosaurus is shown to be larger than the current scientific estimates, in some shots reaching over 40 feet long instead of 30 feet long.^[45][46]
• In Jurassic World, Stegosaurus is dragging its tail almost closer to the ground rather than raising it up in real life.
• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Stegosaurus are shown to be able to run, which is unlikely in real life due to their front legs being shorter than their hind legs.
• In Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous, It is said that Stegosaurus lost its dorsal plates once a year like deer that lose their antlers. There is no evidence for this.

Stygimoloch[]

• In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Stiggy the Stygimoloch manages to tear down the brick wall between the two prison cells with her head dome. It is unlikely that this would have been possible in real life, as the dome of a Stygimoloch would not have been strong enough to withstand an impact against a brick wall. They also have speculative goat eyes.

Therizinosaurus[]

• In The Lost World: Jurassic Park Sega Game Gear, Therizinosaurus is seen burrowing and emerging out of the ground, but it is not proven that it could in reality.
• The Therizinosaurus from Jurassic World: Dominion is more accurate than the other dinosaurs, as it was attempting to attack Claire despite being a herbivore, much like the elephants, rhinoceros, cows, and hippos of today.
  • However, it had a boxier head than that of relatives and had slit eyes instead of presumed round birdlike eyes. Also, its claws were much stronger than in real life, with a horizontal posture instead of a vertical one and thinner hind limbs than in real life.

Triceratops[]

• Throughout the movies and video games, the adult Triceratops has triangular epoccipitals on their frills but in real life, only the juveniles have them.

Troodon[]

• In Jurassic Park: The Game, the Troodon are very skinny in a malformed-looking way, with night-vision eyes and venom. They also only have proto-feathers.
• In Jurassic World: Live Tour, Jeannie lacks feathers and has snake-like eyes, as well as lacking a toe claw and is larger than it’s real life counterpart.

Tyrannosaurus rex[]

• Throughout the two novels, movies and video games, Tyrannosaurus, as well as all the other large dinosaurs, is depicted to have a roar but it couldn’t have because new studies shows that T. rex’s ear structures are sensitive and very similar to modern birds which means that it only could make low pitched sounds.^[47][48]
• Recent evidence also shows that the Tyrannosaurus had feathers as well. This was featured in the prologue of Jurassic World Dominion.^[49][50]
• Moreover, both novel and film media depict Tyrannosaurus as being unable to see anyone that stays still. In reality, studies of the creature’s skull indicates it had a very keen eyesight and an excellent sense of smell, as correctly suggested by Sarah Harding in the second film.

Velociraptor[]

• Velociraptor are portrayed as pack hunters in both novels and movies, but in fact there is no scientific evidence to support this assertion.
• Across the franchise, their size and the shape of their head are closer to Deinonychus.
• Velociraptors, among all other Maniraptorian dinosaurs, were covered in feathers.
• In the novels and movies they were depicted to be highly intelligent which they were not.^{[51][52][53][54][55][56][57]}

Pterosaurs[]

Like dinosaurs, the pterosaurs showcased here are created by Ingen and Biosyn.

Dimorphodon[]

• in Jurassic World, Dimorphodon are shown with a massive head. In real life they had a rounded beak.

Pteranodon[]

• In Jurassic Park III, Pteranodon are shown with teeth when in real life they did not. Some fans mistake it as a Ludodactylus.
• In Jurassic World, Pteranodon are shown to be able to capture their victims with their feet like birds of prey. In real life, Pterosaurs didn’t have talons.

Quetzalcoatlus[]

• The Quetzalcoatlus in Jurassic World Dominion is larger than its real life counterpart.

Marine Reptiles[]

Like the dinosaurs, the marine reptiles showcased here are created by Ingen. It is unknown if Archelon and Tylosaurus will appear in future Jurassic Park films.

Archelon[]

• In Jurassic World: The Game, Archelon is shown to have hard shell like green sea turtle instead of having soft leatherback shell like a leatherback sea turtle in real life.

Mosasaurus[]

• In Jurassic World, Mosasaurus is depicted as being too large, with an armored back and a flat-paddled tail. In real life, Mosasaurus was up to 18 meters long maximum, had no armor and had a forked tongue and a caudal fin.
• The teeth of Ingen Mosasaurus teeth are incorrect shaped, jagged, and un-uniformed.

Tylosaurus[]

• Like its cousin, Tylosaurus in Jurassic Park: The Game is depicted as very bulky, with a flat-paddled tail and some spikes running on its back and tail. In reality, Tylosaurus had a more streamlined build, no spines jutting from any body part.

Synapsids[]

Synapsids seem to be more accurate despite being not pure by Biosyn.

Dimetrodon[]

• In Jurassic World: Dominion, Dimetrodon is depicted with having a scaly, crocodile-like skin despite being unrelated to archosaurs. Moreover, it seems somewhat illogical they’d dwell in dark places such as the Biosyn Amber mines, since the sail on their backs are theorized to have acted as thermoregulators, leading to the fact they may have evolved to dwell in well-lit areas.
• Dimetrodon lived during periods which didn’t have mosquitoes, so the way its DNA was retrieved is unknown.

Lystrosaurus[]

• Like Dimetrodon, Lystrosaurus lived during periods which didn’t have mosquitoes, so the way its DNA was retrieved is unknown.

Mammals[]

Mammals seem to be more accurate despite being not pure by Ingen and Mantah Corp.

Smilodon[]

• In Jurassic Park: Builder, Smilodon is depicted to have a long tail instead of a short tail.
• In Jurassic World: Camp Cretaceous, Smilodon was depicted to hunt alone instead of hunting in packs.

Andrewsarchus[]

• In Jurassic Park: Builder and Jurassic World: The Game, Andrewsarchus is portrayed in an outdated fashion, resembling inaccurate reconstructions of it as a mesonychid. It is now known that Andrewsarchus was related to whales and hippopotamuses, and it is correctly portrayed as such in Jurassic World: Alive.

References[]

Ошибочные мнения или недопонимания некоторых зрителей, которые укоренились и очень распространены и в которые кто-то до сих пор верит.

Джек Энтони Юинс также предложил название «Юрские Заблуждения«.