Ошибка при установке библиотек python через pip

Package Installer for Python (PIP) is the preferred package-management system for Python. It’s used to install third-party packages from an online repository called the Python Package Index.

When attempting to install Python packages, you may encounter errors stating PIP is not recognized, command not found, or can’t open the file. In this article, we’ve detailed why such errors occur, as well as how you can fix them.

Why is the PIP Install Not Working?

The most common reasons for issues with PIP installations is either that an incorrect PIP path is added to the PATH system variable, or the PIP path isn’t added at all. This often happens because users forget or don’t know to include PIP during the Python installation. In case of Linux, PIP isn’t included during the Python installation to start with, so you have to install it separately later.

In most cases, you won’t encounter this error if you use a Python IDE instead of CMD. However, if you don’t want to use an IDE, or you face this error despite using an IDE, you can try the fixes from the section below to resolve the issue.

Include PIP During Installation

First, you should make sure that PIP was actually included during the Python installation. Here are the steps to do so:

1. Press Win + R, type appwiz.cpl, and press Enter.
2. Select Python from the list and press Change.
3. Click on Modify. Ensure pip is selected and press Next > Install.
   
4. After the installation completes, check if you can install the Python packages now.

Add PIP to PATH Variable

As stated, the PIP Install path needs to be added to the PATH system variable for it to work. Otherwise, CMD won’t recognize the command and you’ll encounter the not recognized error. First, you should check if this is the issue with the following steps:

1. Press Win + R, type cmd, and press CTRL + Shift + Enter.
2. Type echo %PATH% and press Enter.
   

Depending on your Python version and install location, you may see a path like C:\Python36\Scripts. This means the PIP path is already added to the PATH variable. If you don’t see it, you can add it via the command line with the following steps:

1. Execute the following command:
   setx PATH "%PATH%;<PIP Path>"
   
   As stated, the PIP path will differ according to your Python version. We’ve used C:\Python36\Scripts as an example but in your case, the PIP path maybe different. If you aren’t sure what the PIP path is, check the GUI method below.
2. Start a new instance of command prompt and check if you can install any packages.

The command-line interface method returns a lot of paths at once, which can get confusing. Instead, you can also check the paths via the GUI. Here are the steps to do so:

1. Press Win + R, type sysdm.cpl, and press Enter.
2. Switch to the Advanced tab and click on Environment Variables.
   
3. In the System variables section, select Path and press Edit.
4. Click on New and add the pip installation path. This differs depending on your Python version but for the current latest version (3.10), the path is:
   C:\Users\Username\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\Scripts.
   
5. Check if you can install a pip package now.

Use Correct PIP and Python Version

The pip install packagename command is generally used to install Python packages. If this command doesn’t work, you can try the commands shown below instead. Don’t forget to replace packagename with the actual package you’re trying to install.

python -m pip install packagename

py -m pip install packagename

If you have multiple python versions, specify the version number as shown below:

py -3 -m pip install packagename

Manually Install PIP

Due to failed upgrades and similar issues, your PIP file can get corrupted which can also lead to various problems such as PIP Install Not Working. One easy way to fix this is by removing Python and reinstalling it. You can find the steps to do so in the next section.

Alternatively, you can also manually install PIP with the following steps:

1. Download get-pip.py and store it in Python’s installation directory.
2. Enter cd <above directory> to switch to the installation directory in CMD.
   
3. Type py get-pip.py and press Enter.
   
4. Once pip is installed, check if you can install any packages.

In case of Linux, pip doesn’t come bundled with Python. You have to manually install it first. You can do so by executing the following command in the terminal:

sudo apt-get -y install python3-pip

Reinstall Python

The final option is to remove Python entirely and then reinstall it. Any problematic files will be replaced during the process, which should ultimately resolve the issue. Here are the steps to do so:

1. Press Win + R, type appwiz.cpl, and press Enter.
2. Select Python from the list, click on Uninstall and follow the on-screen instructions.
3. Restart your PC and reinstall Python.
4. Enable the Add Python to Path option and select Customize installation. Also, make sure that PIP is included during the installation.
   
5. After the installation completes, restart your PC once more, then check if you can install any Python packages.

I’m having trouble installing python modules using pip. Below is the output from the command window:

Note that I installed pip immediately before trying to install GDAL module.

I am on a w7 64bit machine running python 2.7

    Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

C:\Users\jnunn\Desktop>python get-pip.py
Downloading/unpacking pip
Downloading pip-1.2.1.tar.gz (102Kb): 102Kb downloaded
Running setup.py egg_info for package pip

warning: no files found matching '*.html' under directory 'docs'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.txt' found under directory
'docs\_build'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs\_build\_sources'
Installing collected packages: pip
Running setup.py install for pip

warning: no files found matching '*.html' under directory 'docs'
warning: no previously-included files matching '*.txt' found under directory
'docs\_build'
no previously-included directories found matching 'docs\_build\_sources'
Installing pip-script.py script to C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\Scripts
Installing pip.exe script to C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\Scripts
Installing pip.exe.manifest script to C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\Scripts
Installing pip-2.7-script.py script to C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\Scripts
Installing pip-2.7.exe script to C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\Scripts
Installing pip-2.7.exe.manifest script to C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\Scripts
Successfully installed pip
Cleaning up...

C:\Users\jnunn\Desktop>pip install gdal
Downloading/unpacking gdal
Downloading GDAL-1.9.1.tar.gz (420kB): 420kB downloaded
Running setup.py egg_info for package gdal

Installing collected packages: gdal
Running setup.py install for gdal
building 'osgeo._gdal' extension
c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\cl.exe /c /nologo
/Ox /MD /W3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I
C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\include -IC:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\PC -IC:\Python26\ArcGIS1
0.1\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include /Tpextensions/gdal_wrap.cpp /Fobuild\te
mp.win32-2.7\Release\extensions/gdal_wrap.obj
gdal_wrap.cpp
c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\INCLUDE\xlocale(342) :
warning C4530: C++ exception handler used, but unwind semantics are not enabled
. Specify /EHsc
extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp(2853) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file
: 'cpl_port.h': No such file or directory
error: command '"c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\c
l.exe"' failed with exit status 2
Complete output from command C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\python.exe -c "import se
tuptools;__file__='c:\\users\\jnunn\\appdata\\local\\temp\\pip-build\\gdal\\setu
p.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'
))" install --record c:\users\jnunn\appdata\local\temp\pip-f7tgze-record\install
-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed:
running install

running build

running build_py

creating build

creating build\lib.win32-2.7

copying gdal.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7

copying ogr.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7

copying osr.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7

copying gdalconst.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7

copying gdalnumeric.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7

creating build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

copying osgeo\gdal.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

copying osgeo\gdalconst.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

copying osgeo\gdalnumeric.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

copying osgeo\gdal_array.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

copying osgeo\ogr.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

copying osgeo\osr.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

copying osgeo\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-2.7\osgeo

running build_ext

building 'osgeo._gdal' extension

creating build\temp.win32-2.7

creating build\temp.win32-2.7\Release

creating build\temp.win32-2.7\Release\extensions

c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox
/MD /W3 /GS- /DNDEBUG -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -IC:\P
ython26\ArcGIS10.1\include -IC:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\PC -IC:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\
lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include /Tpextensions/gdal_wrap.cpp /Fobuild\temp.w
in32-2.7\Release\extensions/gdal_wrap.obj

gdal_wrap.cpp

c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\INCLUDE\xlocale(342) : war
ning C4530: C++ exception handler used, but unwind semantics are not enabled. Sp
ecify /EHsc

extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp(2853) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'c
pl_port.h': No such file or directory

error: command '"c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\cl.ex
e"' failed with exit status 2

----------------------------------------
Command C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\python.exe -c "import setuptools;__file__='c:\\us
ers\\jnunn\\appdata\\local\\temp\\pip-build\\gdal\\setup.py';exec(compile(open(_
_file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record c:\u
sers\jnunn\appdata\local\temp\pip-f7tgze-record\install-record.txt --single-vers
ion-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in c:\users\jnunn\appdata\local\
temp\pip-build\gdal
Storing complete log in C:\Users\jnunn\pip\pip.log

C:\Users\jnunn\Desktop>

I have tried to use easy_install before too, and it came back with a common error to this:

c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\INCLUDE\xlocale(342) : war
ning C4530: C++ exception handler used, but unwind semantics are not enabled. Sp
ecify /EHsc

extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp(2853) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'c
pl_port.h': No such file or directory

error: command '"c:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\BIN\cl.ex
e"' failed with exit status 2

Plus the following additional pip.log:

    Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 107, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 261, in run
requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options)
File "C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\lib\site-packages\pip\req.py", line 1166, in install
requirement.install(install_options, global_options)
File "C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\lib\site-packages\pip\req.py", line 589, in install
cwd=self.source_dir, filter_stdout=self._filter_install, show_stdout=False)
File "C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\lib\site-packages\pip\util.py", line 612, in call_subprocess
% (command_desc, proc.returncode, cwd))
InstallationError: Command C:\Python26\ArcGIS10.1\python.exe -c "import setuptools;__file__='c:\\users\\jnunn\\appdata\\local\\temp\\pip-build\\gdal\\setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r    \n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record c:\users\jnunn\appdata\local\temp\pip-f7tgze-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in c:\users\jnunn\appdata    \local\temp\pip-build\gdal

При попытке установки практически любой библиотеки через pip возникает ошибка:
На примере библиотеки requests:

WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x0499A760>: Failed to establish a new 
connection: [Errno 11002] getaddrinfo failed')': /packages/ca/91/6d9b8ccacd0412c08820f72cebaa4f0c0441b5cda699c90f618b6f8a1b42/requests-2.28.1-py3-none-any.whl
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x0499A910>: Failed to establish a new 
connection: [Errno 11002] getaddrinfo failed')': /packages/ca/91/6d9b8ccacd0412c08820f72cebaa4f0c0441b5cda699c90f618b6f8a1b42/requests-2.28.1-py3-none-any.whl
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x0499A9E8>: Failed to establish a new 
connection: [Errno 11002] getaddrinfo failed')': /packages/ca/91/6d9b8ccacd0412c08820f72cebaa4f0c0441b5cda699c90f618b6f8a1b42/requests-2.28.1-py3-none-any.whl
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x0499AAC0>: Failed to establish a new 
connection: [Errno 11002] getaddrinfo failed')': /packages/ca/91/6d9b8ccacd0412c08820f72cebaa4f0c0441b5cda699c90f618b6f8a1b42/requests-2.28.1-py3-none-any.whl
  WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x0499AB98>: Failed to establish a new 
connection: [Errno 11002] getaddrinfo failed')': /packages/ca/91/6d9b8ccacd0412c08820f72cebaa4f0c0441b5cda699c90f618b6f8a1b42/requests-2.28.1-py3-none-any.whl
ERROR: Could not install packages due to an OSError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /packages/ca/91/6d9b8ccacd0412c08820f72cebaa4f0c0441b5cda699c90f618b6f8a1b42/requests-2.2
8.1-py3-none-any.whl (Caused by NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x0499AC70>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11002] getaddrinfo failed'))

Однако, например с библиотекой aiogram всё работает исправно Так же ошибка начала появляться только сегодня, вчера я мог устанавливать все библиотеки без труда через терминал
Как исправить эту ошибку для установки нужных мне библиотек?
Важно: я использую интерпретатор PyCharm, устанавливаю библиотеки через него, однако при установке через cmd происходит аналогичная ситуация и та же ошибка