From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) response status codes. Status codes are issued by a server in response to a client’s request made to the server. It includes codes from IETF Request for Comments (RFCs), other specifications, and some additional codes used in some common applications of the HTTP. The first digit of the status code specifies one of five standard classes of responses. The optional message phrases shown are typical, but any human-readable alternative may be provided, or none at all.
Unless otherwise stated, the status code is part of the HTTP standard (RFC 9110).
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) maintains the official registry of HTTP status codes.[1]
All HTTP response status codes are separated into five classes or categories. The first digit of the status code defines the class of response, while the last two digits do not have any classifying or categorization role. There are five classes defined by the standard:
- 1xx informational response – the request was received, continuing process
- 2xx successful – the request was successfully received, understood, and accepted
- 3xx redirection – further action needs to be taken in order to complete the request
- 4xx client error – the request contains bad syntax or cannot be fulfilled
- 5xx server error – the server failed to fulfil an apparently valid request
1xx informational response
An informational response indicates that the request was received and understood. It is issued on a provisional basis while request processing continues. It alerts the client to wait for a final response. The message consists only of the status line and optional header fields, and is terminated by an empty line. As the HTTP/1.0 standard did not define any 1xx status codes, servers must not[note 1] send a 1xx response to an HTTP/1.0 compliant client except under experimental conditions.
- 100 Continue
- The server has received the request headers and the client should proceed to send the request body (in the case of a request for which a body needs to be sent; for example, a POST request). Sending a large request body to a server after a request has been rejected for inappropriate headers would be inefficient. To have a server check the request’s headers, a client must send
Expect: 100-continue
as a header in its initial request and receive a100 Continue
status code in response before sending the body. If the client receives an error code such as 403 (Forbidden) or 405 (Method Not Allowed) then it should not send the request’s body. The response417 Expectation Failed
indicates that the request should be repeated without theExpect
header as it indicates that the server does not support expectations (this is the case, for example, of HTTP/1.0 servers).[2] - 101 Switching Protocols
- The requester has asked the server to switch protocols and the server has agreed to do so.
- 102 Processing (WebDAV; RFC 2518)
- A WebDAV request may contain many sub-requests involving file operations, requiring a long time to complete the request. This code indicates that the server has received and is processing the request, but no response is available yet.[3] This prevents the client from timing out and assuming the request was lost. The status code is deprecated.[4]
- 103 Early Hints (RFC 8297)
- Used to return some response headers before final HTTP message.[5]
2xx success
This class of status codes indicates the action requested by the client was received, understood, and accepted.[1]
- 200 OK
- Standard response for successful HTTP requests. The actual response will depend on the request method used. In a GET request, the response will contain an entity corresponding to the requested resource. In a POST request, the response will contain an entity describing or containing the result of the action.
- 201 Created
- The request has been fulfilled, resulting in the creation of a new resource.[6]
- 202 Accepted
- The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed. The request might or might not be eventually acted upon, and may be disallowed when processing occurs.
- 203 Non-Authoritative Information (since HTTP/1.1)
- The server is a transforming proxy (e.g. a Web accelerator) that received a 200 OK from its origin, but is returning a modified version of the origin’s response.[7][8]
- 204 No Content
- The server successfully processed the request, and is not returning any content.
- 205 Reset Content
- The server successfully processed the request, asks that the requester reset its document view, and is not returning any content.
- 206 Partial Content
- The server is delivering only part of the resource (byte serving) due to a range header sent by the client. The range header is used by HTTP clients to enable resuming of interrupted downloads, or split a download into multiple simultaneous streams.
- 207 Multi-Status (WebDAV; RFC 4918)
- The message body that follows is by default an XML message and can contain a number of separate response codes, depending on how many sub-requests were made.[9]
- 208 Already Reported (WebDAV; RFC 5842)
- The members of a DAV binding have already been enumerated in a preceding part of the (multistatus) response, and are not being included again.
- 226 IM Used (RFC 3229)
- The server has fulfilled a request for the resource, and the response is a representation of the result of one or more instance-manipulations applied to the current instance.[10]
3xx redirection
This class of status code indicates the client must take additional action to complete the request. Many of these status codes are used in URL redirection.[1]
A user agent may carry out the additional action with no user interaction only if the method used in the second request is GET or HEAD. A user agent may automatically redirect a request. A user agent should detect and intervene to prevent cyclical redirects.[11]
- 300 Multiple Choices
- Indicates multiple options for the resource from which the client may choose (via agent-driven content negotiation). For example, this code could be used to present multiple video format options, to list files with different filename extensions, or to suggest word-sense disambiguation.
- 301 Moved Permanently
- This and all future requests should be directed to the given URI.
- 302 Found (Previously «Moved temporarily»)
- Tells the client to look at (browse to) another URL. The HTTP/1.0 specification (RFC 1945) required the client to perform a temporary redirect with the same method (the original describing phrase was «Moved Temporarily»),[12] but popular browsers implemented 302 redirects by changing the method to GET. Therefore, HTTP/1.1 added status codes 303 and 307 to distinguish between the two behaviours.[11]
- 303 See Other (since HTTP/1.1)
- The response to the request can be found under another URI using the GET method. When received in response to a POST (or PUT/DELETE), the client should presume that the server has received the data and should issue a new GET request to the given URI.
- 304 Not Modified
- Indicates that the resource has not been modified since the version specified by the request headers If-Modified-Since or If-None-Match. In such case, there is no need to retransmit the resource since the client still has a previously-downloaded copy.
- 305 Use Proxy (since HTTP/1.1)
- The requested resource is available only through a proxy, the address for which is provided in the response. For security reasons, many HTTP clients (such as Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer) do not obey this status code.
- 306 Switch Proxy
- No longer used. Originally meant «Subsequent requests should use the specified proxy.»
- 307 Temporary Redirect (since HTTP/1.1)
- In this case, the request should be repeated with another URI; however, future requests should still use the original URI. In contrast to how 302 was historically implemented, the request method is not allowed to be changed when reissuing the original request. For example, a POST request should be repeated using another POST request.
- 308 Permanent Redirect
- This and all future requests should be directed to the given URI. 308 parallel the behaviour of 301, but does not allow the HTTP method to change. So, for example, submitting a form to a permanently redirected resource may continue smoothly.
4xx client errors
This class of status code is intended for situations in which the error seems to have been caused by the client. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the server should include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. These status codes are applicable to any request method. User agents should display any included entity to the user.
- 400 Bad Request
- The server cannot or will not process the request due to an apparent client error (e.g., malformed request syntax, size too large, invalid request message framing, or deceptive request routing).
- 401 Unauthorized
- Similar to 403 Forbidden, but specifically for use when authentication is required and has failed or has not yet been provided. The response must include a WWW-Authenticate header field containing a challenge applicable to the requested resource. See Basic access authentication and Digest access authentication. 401 semantically means «unauthorised», the user does not have valid authentication credentials for the target resource.
- Some sites incorrectly issue HTTP 401 when an IP address is banned from the website (usually the website domain) and that specific address is refused permission to access a website.[citation needed]
- 402 Payment Required
- Reserved for future use. The original intention was that this code might be used as part of some form of digital cash or micropayment scheme, as proposed, for example, by GNU Taler,[14] but that has not yet happened, and this code is not widely used. Google Developers API uses this status if a particular developer has exceeded the daily limit on requests.[15] Sipgate uses this code if an account does not have sufficient funds to start a call.[16] Shopify uses this code when the store has not paid their fees and is temporarily disabled.[17] Stripe uses this code for failed payments where parameters were correct, for example blocked fraudulent payments.[18]
- 403 Forbidden
- The request contained valid data and was understood by the server, but the server is refusing action. This may be due to the user not having the necessary permissions for a resource or needing an account of some sort, or attempting a prohibited action (e.g. creating a duplicate record where only one is allowed). This code is also typically used if the request provided authentication by answering the WWW-Authenticate header field challenge, but the server did not accept that authentication. The request should not be repeated.
- 404 Not Found
- The requested resource could not be found but may be available in the future. Subsequent requests by the client are permissible.
- 405 Method Not Allowed
- A request method is not supported for the requested resource; for example, a GET request on a form that requires data to be presented via POST, or a PUT request on a read-only resource.
- 406 Not Acceptable
- The requested resource is capable of generating only content not acceptable according to the Accept headers sent in the request. See Content negotiation.
- 407 Proxy Authentication Required
- The client must first authenticate itself with the proxy.
- 408 Request Timeout
- The server timed out waiting for the request. According to HTTP specifications: «The client did not produce a request within the time that the server was prepared to wait. The client MAY repeat the request without modifications at any later time.»
- 409 Conflict
- Indicates that the request could not be processed because of conflict in the current state of the resource, such as an edit conflict between multiple simultaneous updates.
- 410 Gone
- Indicates that the resource requested was previously in use but is no longer available and will not be available again. This should be used when a resource has been intentionally removed and the resource should be purged. Upon receiving a 410 status code, the client should not request the resource in the future. Clients such as search engines should remove the resource from their indices. Most use cases do not require clients and search engines to purge the resource, and a «404 Not Found» may be used instead.
- 411 Length Required
- The request did not specify the length of its content, which is required by the requested resource.
- 412 Precondition Failed
- The server does not meet one of the preconditions that the requester put on the request header fields.
- 413 Payload Too Large
- The request is larger than the server is willing or able to process. Previously called «Request Entity Too Large» in RFC 2616.[19]
- 414 URI Too Long
- The URI provided was too long for the server to process. Often the result of too much data being encoded as a query-string of a GET request, in which case it should be converted to a POST request. Called «Request-URI Too Long» previously in RFC 2616.[20]
- 415 Unsupported Media Type
- The request entity has a media type which the server or resource does not support. For example, the client uploads an image as image/svg+xml, but the server requires that images use a different format.
- 416 Range Not Satisfiable
- The client has asked for a portion of the file (byte serving), but the server cannot supply that portion. For example, if the client asked for a part of the file that lies beyond the end of the file. Called «Requested Range Not Satisfiable» previously RFC 2616.[21]
- 417 Expectation Failed
- The server cannot meet the requirements of the Expect request-header field.[22]
- 418 I’m a teapot (RFC 2324, RFC 7168)
- This code was defined in 1998 as one of the traditional IETF April Fools’ jokes, in RFC 2324, Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol, and is not expected to be implemented by actual HTTP servers. The RFC specifies this code should be returned by teapots requested to brew coffee.[23] This HTTP status is used as an Easter egg in some websites, such as Google.com’s «I’m a teapot» easter egg.[24][25][26] Sometimes, this status code is also used as a response to a blocked request, instead of the more appropriate 403 Forbidden.[27][28]
- 421 Misdirected Request
- The request was directed at a server that is not able to produce a response (for example because of connection reuse).
- 422 Unprocessable Entity
- The request was well-formed but was unable to be followed due to semantic errors.[9]
- 423 Locked (WebDAV; RFC 4918)
- The resource that is being accessed is locked.[9]
- 424 Failed Dependency (WebDAV; RFC 4918)
- The request failed because it depended on another request and that request failed (e.g., a PROPPATCH).[9]
- 425 Too Early (RFC 8470)
- Indicates that the server is unwilling to risk processing a request that might be replayed.
- 426 Upgrade Required
- The client should switch to a different protocol such as TLS/1.3, given in the Upgrade header field.
- 428 Precondition Required (RFC 6585)
- The origin server requires the request to be conditional. Intended to prevent the ‘lost update’ problem, where a client GETs a resource’s state, modifies it, and PUTs it back to the server, when meanwhile a third party has modified the state on the server, leading to a conflict.[29]
- 429 Too Many Requests (RFC 6585)
- The user has sent too many requests in a given amount of time. Intended for use with rate-limiting schemes.[29]
- 431 Request Header Fields Too Large (RFC 6585)
- The server is unwilling to process the request because either an individual header field, or all the header fields collectively, are too large.[29]
- 451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons (RFC 7725)
- A server operator has received a legal demand to deny access to a resource or to a set of resources that includes the requested resource.[30] The code 451 was chosen as a reference to the novel Fahrenheit 451 (see the Acknowledgements in the RFC).
5xx server errors
The server failed to fulfil a request.
Response status codes beginning with the digit «5» indicate cases in which the server is aware that it has encountered an error or is otherwise incapable of performing the request. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the server should include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and indicate whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. Likewise, user agents should display any included entity to the user. These response codes are applicable to any request method.
- 500 Internal Server Error
- A generic error message, given when an unexpected condition was encountered and no more specific message is suitable.
- 501 Not Implemented
- The server either does not recognize the request method, or it lacks the ability to fulfil the request. Usually this implies future availability (e.g., a new feature of a web-service API).
- 502 Bad Gateway
- The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and received an invalid response from the upstream server.
- 503 Service Unavailable
- The server cannot handle the request (because it is overloaded or down for maintenance). Generally, this is a temporary state.[31]
- 504 Gateway Timeout
- The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and did not receive a timely response from the upstream server.
- 505 HTTP Version Not Supported
- The server does not support the HTTP version used in the request.
- 506 Variant Also Negotiates (RFC 2295)
- Transparent content negotiation for the request results in a circular reference.[32]
- 507 Insufficient Storage (WebDAV; RFC 4918)
- The server is unable to store the representation needed to complete the request.[9]
- 508 Loop Detected (WebDAV; RFC 5842)
- The server detected an infinite loop while processing the request (sent instead of 208 Already Reported).
- 510 Not Extended (RFC 2774)
- Further extensions to the request are required for the server to fulfil it.[33]
- 511 Network Authentication Required (RFC 6585)
- The client needs to authenticate to gain network access. Intended for use by intercepting proxies used to control access to the network (e.g., «captive portals» used to require agreement to Terms of Service before granting full Internet access via a Wi-Fi hotspot).[29]
Unofficial codes
The following codes are not specified by any standard.
- 218 This is fine (Apache HTTP Server)
- Used by Apache servers. A catch-all error condition allowing the passage of message bodies through the server when the
ProxyErrorOverride
setting is enabled. It is displayed in this situation instead of a 4xx or 5xx error message.[34] - 419 Page Expired (Laravel Framework)
- Used by the Laravel Framework when a CSRF Token is missing or expired.[citation needed]
- 420 Method Failure (Spring Framework)
- A deprecated response used by the Spring Framework when a method has failed.[35]
- 420 Enhance Your Calm (Twitter)
- Returned by version 1 of the Twitter Search and Trends API when the client is being rate limited; versions 1.1 and later use the 429 Too Many Requests response code instead.[36] The phrase «Enhance your calm» comes from the 1993 movie Demolition Man, and its association with this number is likely a reference to cannabis.[citation needed]
- 430 Request Header Fields Too Large (Shopify)
- Used by Shopify, instead of the 429 Too Many Requests response code, when too many URLs are requested within a certain time frame.[37]
- 450 Blocked by Windows Parental Controls (Microsoft)
- The Microsoft extension code indicated when Windows Parental Controls are turned on and are blocking access to the requested webpage.[38]
- 498 Invalid Token (Esri)
- Returned by ArcGIS for Server. Code 498 indicates an expired or otherwise invalid token.[39]
- 499 Token Required (Esri)
- Returned by ArcGIS for Server. Code 499 indicates that a token is required but was not submitted.[39]
- 509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded (Apache Web Server/cPanel)
- The server has exceeded the bandwidth specified by the server administrator; this is often used by shared hosting providers to limit the bandwidth of customers.[40]
- 529 Site is overloaded
- Used by Qualys in the SSLLabs server testing API to signal that the site can’t process the request.[41]
- 530 Site is frozen
- Used by the Pantheon Systems web platform to indicate a site that has been frozen due to inactivity.[42]
- 598 (Informal convention) Network read timeout error
- Used by some HTTP proxies to signal a network read timeout behind the proxy to a client in front of the proxy.[43]
- 599 Network Connect Timeout Error
- An error used by some HTTP proxies to signal a network connect timeout behind the proxy to a client in front of the proxy.
Internet Information Services
Microsoft’s Internet Information Services (IIS) web server expands the 4xx error space to signal errors with the client’s request.
- 440 Login Time-out
- The client’s session has expired and must log in again.[44]
- 449 Retry With
- The server cannot honour the request because the user has not provided the required information.[45]
- 451 Redirect
- Used in Exchange ActiveSync when either a more efficient server is available or the server cannot access the users’ mailbox.[46] The client is expected to re-run the HTTP AutoDiscover operation to find a more appropriate server.[47]
IIS sometimes uses additional decimal sub-codes for more specific information,[48] however these sub-codes only appear in the response payload and in documentation, not in the place of an actual HTTP status code.
nginx
The nginx web server software expands the 4xx error space to signal issues with the client’s request.[49][50]
- 444 No Response
- Used internally[51] to instruct the server to return no information to the client and close the connection immediately.
- 494 Request header too large
- Client sent too large request or too long header line.
- 495 SSL Certificate Error
- An expansion of the 400 Bad Request response code, used when the client has provided an invalid client certificate.
- 496 SSL Certificate Required
- An expansion of the 400 Bad Request response code, used when a client certificate is required but not provided.
- 497 HTTP Request Sent to HTTPS Port
- An expansion of the 400 Bad Request response code, used when the client has made a HTTP request to a port listening for HTTPS requests.
- 499 Client Closed Request
- Used when the client has closed the request before the server could send a response.
Cloudflare
Cloudflare’s reverse proxy service expands the 5xx series of errors space to signal issues with the origin server.[52]
- 520 Web Server Returned an Unknown Error
- The origin server returned an empty, unknown, or unexpected response to Cloudflare.[53]
- 521 Web Server Is Down
- The origin server refused connections from Cloudflare. Security solutions at the origin may be blocking legitimate connections from certain Cloudflare IP addresses.
- 522 Connection Timed Out
- Cloudflare timed out contacting the origin server.
- 523 Origin Is Unreachable
- Cloudflare could not reach the origin server; for example, if the DNS records for the origin server are incorrect or missing.
- 524 A Timeout Occurred
- Cloudflare was able to complete a TCP connection to the origin server, but did not receive a timely HTTP response.
- 525 SSL Handshake Failed
- Cloudflare could not negotiate a SSL/TLS handshake with the origin server.
- 526 Invalid SSL Certificate
- Cloudflare could not validate the SSL certificate on the origin web server. Also used by Cloud Foundry’s gorouter.
- 527 Railgun Error
- Error 527 indicates an interrupted connection between Cloudflare and the origin server’s Railgun server.[54]
- 530
- Error 530 is returned along with a 1xxx error.[55]
AWS Elastic Load Balancing
Amazon Web Services’ Elastic Load Balancing adds a few custom return codes to signal issues either with the client request or with the origin server.[56]
- 460
- Client closed the connection with the load balancer before the idle timeout period elapsed. Typically when client timeout is sooner than the Elastic Load Balancer’s timeout.[56]
- 463
- The load balancer received an X-Forwarded-For request header with more than 30 IP addresses.[56]
- 464
- Incompatible protocol versions between Client and Origin server.[56]
- 561 Unauthorized
- An error around authentication returned by a server registered with a load balancer. You configured a listener rule to authenticate users, but the identity provider (IdP) returned an error code when authenticating the user.[56]
Caching warning codes (obsoleted)
The following caching related warning codes were specified under RFC 7234. Unlike the other status codes above, these were not sent as the response status in the HTTP protocol, but as part of the «Warning» HTTP header.[57][58]
Since this «Warning» header is often neither sent by servers nor acknowledged by clients, this header and its codes were obsoleted by the HTTP Working Group in 2022 with RFC 9111.[59]
- 110 Response is Stale
- The response provided by a cache is stale (the content’s age exceeds a maximum age set by a Cache-Control header or heuristically chosen lifetime).
- 111 Revalidation Failed
- The cache was unable to validate the response, due to an inability to reach the origin server.
- 112 Disconnected Operation
- The cache is intentionally disconnected from the rest of the network.
- 113 Heuristic Expiration
- The cache heuristically chose a freshness lifetime greater than 24 hours and the response’s age is greater than 24 hours.
- 199 Miscellaneous Warning
- Arbitrary, non-specific warning. The warning text may be logged or presented to the user.
- 214 Transformation Applied
- Added by a proxy if it applies any transformation to the representation, such as changing the content encoding, media type or the like.
- 299 Miscellaneous Persistent Warning
- Same as 199, but indicating a persistent warning.
See also
- Custom error pages
- List of FTP server return codes
- List of HTTP header fields
- List of SMTP server return codes
- Common Log Format
Explanatory notes
- ^ Emphasised words and phrases such as must and should represent interpretation guidelines as given by RFC 2119
References
- ^ a b c «Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Status Code Registry». Iana.org. Archived from the original on December 11, 2011. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
- ^ Fielding, Roy T. «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 10.1.1 «Expect»«.
- ^ Goland, Yaronn; Whitehead, Jim; Faizi, Asad; Carter, Steve R.; Jensen, Del (February 1999). HTTP Extensions for Distributed Authoring – WEBDAV. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2518. RFC 2518. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
- ^ «102 Processing — HTTP MDN». 102 status code is deprecated
- ^ Oku, Kazuho (December 2017). An HTTP Status Code for Indicating Hints. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC8297. RFC 8297. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
- ^ Stewart, Mark; djna. «Create request with POST, which response codes 200 or 201 and content». Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
- ^ «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 15.3.4».
- ^ «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 7.7».
- ^ a b c d e Dusseault, Lisa, ed. (June 2007). HTTP Extensions for Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV). IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC4918. RFC 4918. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
- ^ Delta encoding in HTTP. IETF. January 2002. doi:10.17487/RFC3229. RFC 3229. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
- ^ a b «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 15.4 «Redirection 3xx»«.
- ^ Berners-Lee, Tim; Fielding, Roy T.; Nielsen, Henrik Frystyk (May 1996). Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.0. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC1945. RFC 1945. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
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- ^ «Shopify Documentation». Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
- ^ «Stripe API Reference – Errors». stripe.com. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
- ^ «RFC2616 on status 413». Tools.ietf.org. Archived from the original on March 7, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
- ^ «RFC2616 on status 414». Tools.ietf.org. Archived from the original on March 7, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
- ^ «RFC2616 on status 416». Tools.ietf.org. Archived from the original on March 7, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
- ^ TheDeadLike. «HTTP/1.1 Status Codes 400 and 417, cannot choose which». serverFault. Archived from the original on October 10, 2015. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
- ^ Larry Masinter (April 1, 1998). Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol (HTCPCP/1.0). doi:10.17487/RFC2324. RFC 2324.
Any attempt to brew coffee with a teapot should result in the error code «418 I’m a teapot». The resulting entity body MAY be short and stout.
- ^ I’m a teapot
- ^ Barry Schwartz (August 26, 2014). «New Google Easter Egg For SEO Geeks: Server Status 418, I’m A Teapot». Search Engine Land. Archived from the original on November 15, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
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- ^ «Enable extra web security on a website». DreamHost. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
- ^ «I Went to a Russian Website and All I Got Was This Lousy Teapot». PCMag. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Nottingham, M.; Fielding, R. (April 2012). «RFC 6585 – Additional HTTP Status Codes». Request for Comments. Internet Engineering Task Force. Archived from the original on May 4, 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
- ^ Bray, T. (February 2016). «An HTTP Status Code to Report Legal Obstacles». ietf.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
- ^ alex. «What is the correct HTTP status code to send when a site is down for maintenance?». Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
- ^ Holtman, Koen; Mutz, Andrew H. (March 1998). Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2295. RFC 2295. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
- ^ Nielsen, Henrik Frystyk; Leach, Paul; Lawrence, Scott (February 2000). An HTTP Extension Framework. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2774. RFC 2774. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
- ^ «218 This is fine — HTTP status code explained». HTTP.dev. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
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«Error message when you try to log on to Exchange 2007 by using Outlook Web Access: «440 Login Time-out»«. Microsoft. 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2013. - ^ «2.2.6 449 Retry With Status Code». Microsoft. 2009. Archived from the original on October 5, 2009. Retrieved October 26, 2009.
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- ^ «Troubleshooting: Error Pages». Cloudflare. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
- ^ «Error 520: web server returns an unknown error». Cloudflare.
- ^ «527 Error: Railgun Listener to origin error». Cloudflare. Archived from the original on October 13, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
- ^ «Error 530». Cloudflare. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e «Troubleshoot Your Application Load Balancers – Elastic Load Balancing». docs.aws.amazon.com. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
- ^ «Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Caching». datatracker.ietf.org. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
- ^ «Warning — HTTP | MDN». developer.mozilla.org. Retrieved August 15, 2021. Some text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.5) license.
- ^ «RFC 9111: HTTP Caching, Section 5.5 «Warning»«. June 2022.
External links
- «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 15 «Status Codes»«.
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Status Code Registry at the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
- HTTP status codes at http-statuscode.com
- MDN status code reference at mozilla.org
Умные люди придумали коды, по которым можно определить, что произошло с HTTP-запросом. Успешен ли он, произошло ли перенаправление. Или же все закончилось ошибкой. Как раз об ошибках и будем говорить в этой статье. Вкратце расскажу, какие они бывают и с чем связаны.
А еще тут будет парочка забавных (и не очень) пикч и анимаций на тему описанных ошибок. Хоть какое-то развлечение.
Ошибки со стороны клиента (4xx)
Для начала перечислим коды ошибок на стороне клиента. Вина за их появление ложится на плечи обоих участников соединения.
400 Bad Request
Такой ответ от браузера можно получить в том случае, если сервер не смог правильно отреагировать на запрос со стороны пользователя. Часто код 400 возникает при попытке клиента получить доступ к серверу без соблюдения правил оформления синтаксиса протокола передачи гипертекста (HTTP). Повторный запрос не стоит отправлять до тех пор, пока не будет исправлена ошибка (или несколько из них).
401 Unauthorized
Код 401 возникает при попытке клиента получить доступ к серверу, используя неправильные данные для авторизации. По сути, используется, когда пользователь вводит неправильный логин и пароль на ресурсе, где требуется эта информация для входа. Читайте: Как исправить ошибку 401
402 Payment Required
Эта ошибка сообщает клиенту о том, что для успешного выполнения запроса ему необходимо оплатить доступ к серверу. Изначально код 402 должен был стать неким стандартом для цифровой валюты и оплаты контента в сети. Но не срослось. До сих пор нет единого решения по поводу того, как должны выглядеть платежи в сети. Также нет и единого решения по поводу того, как стоит использовать 402.
Все еще считается, что код существует с расчетом на будущее. Сейчас почти не используется и поддерживается не всеми браузерами.
403 Forbidden
Почти то же, что и 401. Сервер снова не разрешает к нему подключиться, хотя с запросом все в порядке. Просто нет доступа. Причем повторная авторизация с другими логином и паролем никак не помогут. Все вопросы к владельцам сервера (но не всегда). Инструкция по устранению ошибки.
Творчество на тему знаменитой киносаги
404 Not Found
Легендарная ошибка, ставшая популярным мемом. 404 оповещает клиента о том, что его запрос ведет в никуда. Код возникает, когда пользователь пытается попасть на страницу, которой не существует. Например, когда случайно ошибается при вводе ссылки и вводит ее с опечаткой. Или же пытается получить доступ к странице, которой на сайте уже нет.
В отличие от других кодов, страницу с 404 частенько кастомизируют, создавая для нее уникальный дизайн. Мало того, что это выглядит симпатичнее, так еще и полезнее для посетителей. Можно прямо на странице с ошибкой разъяснить, что произошло и как дальше действовать.
И таких вариаций тысячи. Каждый пытается добавить в оформление что-то свое.
405 Method Not Allowed
405 сообщает клиенту о том, что метод, используемый при запросе, не разрешен. В качестве примера можно привести попытку со стороны клиента ввести данные в форму с помощью GET, когда она работает только с POST. Ну и в таком же духе.
406 Not Acceptable
Ошибка 406 сообщает о том, что страница передает контент, который не может быть распознан клиентом. Возможно, проблема в методе сжатия или в формате страницы. Иногда сюда же приплетают неправильные настройки кодировки.
Этот код редко используют на практике, так как его появления можно избежать, предоставив пользователю информацию на сайте в том виде, который его браузер способен принять. Посетитель сайта по итогу получит не то, что ожидал, но хотя бы не ошибку.
407 Proxy Authentication Required
Этот код тоже похож на 401. Только на этот раз логин и пароль нужны не для основного сервера, а для прокси, который находится между клиентом и сервером. Обычно в теле ошибки содержится информация о том, как можно правильно пройти авторизацию и получить доступ к ресурсу.
408 Request Timeout
408 говорит нам о том, что сервер пожелал разорвать соединение с клиентом, потому что оно никак не используется. Происходит это в том случае, если сервер буквально устал ждать, пока наладится соединение с ним. Поэтому такую ошибку часто можно лицезреть после очень долгой и безуспешной загрузки какого-нибудь сайта.
Многие серверы не отправляют никаких сообщений, а просто прерывают соединение по той же причине. На запрос уходит больше времени, чем на то полагается.
В Мистере Роботе частенько называли серии в честь ошибок HTTP (весь четвертый сезон в нумерации 4хх). В честь 408, например, назвали восьмую серию четвертого сезона
409 Conflict
Сообщение о конфликте возникает, когда запрос со стороны клиента не соответствует тому, чего ожидает сервер. В качестве примера приводят проблемы при проверки версий, когда пользователь пытается с помощью метода PUT загрузить на сервер новый файл, но там уже имеется более новая версия того же файла. Конфликта версий можно легко избежать, загрузив корректную версию.
410 Gone
Своего рода аналог 404. Разница лишь в том, что 410 намекает на перманентность отсутствия страницы. Так что этот код стоит использовать, когда на 100% уверен, что страница ушла в небытие (ну или с текущего адреса) навсегда. В любом другом случае есть универсальный 404.
411 Length Required
411 оповещает пользователя о том, что сервер не желает принимать запрос со стороны клиента, потому что в нем не определен заголовок Content-Length. Да, это первый код в подборке, который смогут понять только люди, сведущие в настройке серверов. По-простому уложить сущность HTML-заголовков в этот материал не получится.
412 Precondition Failed
Еще один код, сообщающий о том, что сервер отклонил запрос пользователя и не разрешает доступ к выбранному ресурсу. Проблемы возникают при неправильной настройке работы методов, отличающихся от GET и HEAD.
413 Payload Too Large/Request Entity Too Large
Код 413 говорит нам, что запрос, который посылает клиент на сервер, слишком большой. Поэтому сервер отказывается его обрабатывать и разрывает соединение. Обычно это происходит при попытке загрузить на ресурс какой-то файл, превышающий ограничение, выставленное в настройках сервера. Соответственно, решается проблема изменением настроек сервера.
414 URI Too Long
Чем-то этот код похож на предыдущий. Здесь тоже идет речь о превышение лимита. Только теперь это касается не запроса со стороны клиента, а длины URI. То есть ссылки. Выходит, что адрес, используемый клиентом, больше, чем тот, что может обработать сервер. Как-то так.
Такая ошибка иногда выскакивает при попытке взломать ресурс. Сайт так реагирует на слишком частые попытки воспользоваться потенциальными дырами в безопасности.
415 Unsupported Media Type
Ошибка 415 возникает, когда клиент пытается загрузить на сервер данные в неподходящем формате. В таком случае сервер просто отказывается принимать посылаемые файлы и разрывает соединение. Как и в случае с 413.
416 Range Not Satisfiable
Подобный ответ можно ожидать, если клиент запрашивает у сервера определенные данные, но эти данные на сервере не соответствуют запросу. То есть, грубо говоря, вы просите у сервера какой-то набор данных с заранее заданным размером, а в итоге оказывается, что размер этих данных меньше, чем объем, указанный в запросе. Серверу ничего не остается, кроме как послать вас, ведь он не обучен поведению в таких ситуациях.
417 Expectation Failed
Такая ошибка высвечивается, когда ожидания сервера не совпадают с данными в запросе клиента. Сведения об ожиданиях прописываются в заголовке Expect заранее. Так что можно ознакомиться с ними, чтобы выяснить, как решить названную проблему.
418 I’m a teapot
Код 418 можно увидеть, если сервер откажется варить кофе, потому что он чайник. Это первоапрельская шутка. Естественно, 418 не используется нигде всерьез и просто существует как дань памяти программистам-юмористам, придумавшим это в 1998 году.
У Google получился такой симпатичный чайник
421 Misdirected Request
Появляется когда запрос клиента переправляется на сервер, который не может дать на него адекватный ответ. Например, если запрос был отправлен на ресурс, который вообще не настроен обрабатывать запросы извне.
Чтобы исправить проблему, можно попробовать переподключиться к ресурсу заново или попробовать другое соединение.
422 Unprocessable Entity
Код 422 говорит, что сервер вроде бы принял запрос, понял его, все хорошо, но из-за семантических ошибок корректно обработать не смог. Значит, где-то в запросе затаилась логическая ошибка, мешающая корректному взаимодействию клиента и сервера. Надо ее найти и исправить.
423 Locked
Обычно на этот код напарываются, когда запрашиваемый ресурс оказывается под защитой. Используемые клиентом методы блокируются на уровне сервера. Это делается, чтобы обезопасить данные, хранящиеся на защищенной странице. Без логина и пароля выудить информацию с такого сервера не получится.
424 Failed Dependency
424 сообщает о том, что для выполнения запроса со стороны клиента успешно должна завершиться еще одна или несколько параллельных операций. Если какая-то из них «провалится», то «помрет» все соединение сразу, и обработать запрос до конца не получится. Аналогичное происходит, если некорректно был обработан один из предыдущих запросов.
425 Too Early
Появляется в ответ на запрос, который может быть моментально запущен заново. Сервер не рискует и не берется за его обработку, чтобы не подставиться под так называемую «атаку повторного воспроизведения».
426 Upgrade Required
Тут нам прямо сообщают, что сервер не желает с нами общаться, пока мы не перейдем на более современный протокол. Наткнуться на такую ошибку очень тяжело, но в случае появления, скорее всего, будет достаточно установить браузер посвежее.
428 Precondition Required
428 выскакивает, если пользователь отправляет запрос на сервер, но получает некорректные или неактуальные данные. Так ресурс оповещает о необходимости внести в запрос информацию о предварительных условиях обработки данных. Только так он сможет гарантировать получение клиентом нужной информации.
429 Too Many Requests
Здесь все просто. Ошибка появляется, когда клиент отправляет на сервер слишком много запросов в короткий промежуток времени. Очень похоже на поведение взломщиков. По этой причине запрос моментально блокируется.
431 Request Header Fields Too Large
Из названия понятно, что ошибка с кодом 431 появляется из-за того, что в запросе клиента используются слишком длинные заголовки (неважно, один или несколько из них). Исправляется это с помощью сокращения заголовков и повторной отправки запроса. В теле ошибки обычно отображается краткая информация о том, как пользователь может решить эту проблему самостоятельно.
444 No Response
Этот код вам вряд ли удастся увидеть. Он отображается в лог-файлах, чтобы подтвердить, что сервер никак не отреагировал на запрос пользователя и прервал соединение.
449 Retry With
Код используется в расширениях компании Microsoft. Он сигнализирует о том, что запрос от клиента не может быть принят сервером. Причиной становятся неверно указанные параметры. Сама 449 ошибка говорит о необходимости скорректировать запрос и повторить его снова, подготовив к работе с сервером.
450 Blocked by Windows Parental Controls
450 код увидят дети, попавшие под действие системы «Родительский контроль» компании Microsoft. По сути, ошибка говорит о том, что с компьютера попытались зайти на заблокированный ресурс. Избежать этой ошибки можно изменением параметров родительского контроля.
451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons
Этот код сообщает клиенту, что он не может попасть на запрашиваемый ресурс из юридических соображений. Скорее всего, доступ был заблокирован из-за каких-нибудь государственных санкций, нового законодательства или цензуры со стороны властей. В общем, все вопросы к государству и провайдеру связи.
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Список ошибок на стороне сервера (5xx)
Теперь поговорим об ошибках, которые возникают где-то на сервере. Все они связаны с запросами, которые не удается обработать на том конце. Пользователь зачастую в их появлении не виноват.
500 Internal Server Error
Этот код возникает, когда сервер сталкивается с непредвиденными обстоятельствами. Такими, которые и сам не может пояснить. Как, собственно, и завершить запрос со стороны пользователя. По факту, эта ошибка говорит нам что-то вроде «Я не могу подобрать более подходящий код ошибки, поэтому лови 500 и делай с этим, что хочешь». Мы писали о нем чуть подробнее тут.
Дело не в тебе, дело во мне (С)
501 Not Implemented
501 говорит нам, что функциональность, необходимая для обработки запроса со стороны клиента, попросту не реализована на сервере. Он не сможет корректно обработать используемый метод.
Иногда в теле ошибки еще пишут что-то в духе «Приходите попозже, возможно, в будущем нужная функция появится».
502 Bad Getaway
Можно встретить в том случае, если запрашиваемый сервер выступает в роли шлюза или прокси. Возникает из-за несогласования протоколов между вышестоящим серверов и его шлюзом. Рассказываем о том, как ее исправить, в этой статье.
503 Service Unavailable
Появляется, когда сервер не может обработать запрос клиента по одной из двух технических причин:
- Слишком много пользователей в текущий момент пытаются отправить запросы, и у сервера не остается ресурсов, чтобы ответить кому-либо еще.
- На сервере ведутся технические работы, временно блокирующие его работу.
Обычно ошибка 503 носит временный характер, и для ее решения достаточно немного подождать.
504 Gateway Timeout
Ошибка похожа на 408. Здесь же прокси-сервер пытается выйти на контакт с вышестоящим сервером, но не успевает это сделать до истечения тайм-аута. Отсюда и ошибка.
505 HTTP Version Not Supported
Этот код похож на 426. Он тоже связан с неподходящей версией протокола HTTP. В этом случае нужно обеспечить и клиента, и сервер единой версией. Она, как правило, указывается в запросе со стороны пользователя.
506 Variant Also Negotiates
Обычно с такой ошибкой сталкиваются только в том случае, если сервер изначально настроен неправильно. То есть это не сиюминутная проблема, а что-то серьезное на уровне базовой конфигурации. Тут придется потрудиться разработчикам. Выявить проблему и разрешить ее.
507 Insufficient Storage
Код 507 встречается в тех ситуациях, когда серверу не хватает пространства в хранилище для обработки запроса со стороны клиента. Проблема решается освобождением места или расширением доступного пространства. Тогда сервер сможет без проблем обработать запрос пользователя.
508 Loop Detected
Таким кодом сервер отзовется в случае, если заметит бесконечный цикл в запросе клиента. Можно расценивать его как провал запроса и выполняемой операции в целом.
509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded
Возникает, если сервер начинает потреблять больше трафика, чем ему позволено.
510 Not Extended
Появляется, если клиент посылает запрос на использование какого-либо расширения, отсутствующего на сервере. Чтобы исправить проблему, надо убрать декларирование неподдерживаемого расширения из запроса или добавить поддержку на сервер.
511 Network Authentication Required
511 код говорит о том, что перед тем как выйти в сеть, надо авторизоваться (ввести логин и пароль). Можно воспринимать это неким PPPoE подключением, когда от клиента требуются данные для авторизации.
Заключение
Закончили. Это все ошибки, которыми отзывается HTTP, если на стороне сервера или клиента что-то пошло не так. Наткнуться на большую их часть довольно тяжело. Особенно, если вы раньше только серфили в интернете, а не занимались разработкой сайтов. А тем, кто входит в эту стезю, полезно знать основные ошибки, так как, скорее всего, придется не раз их исправлять.
HTTP status codes are three-digit responses from the server to the browser-side request. Everyone has probably gotten the classic 404 page-not-found error. That is an HTTP client error status code and there are a lot more of them.
These status codes (also called response status codes) serve as a means of communication between the server and the internet browser and there are multiple code classes based on the type of information they are communicating. The differences in classes are indicated through the first digit of the error code, for example: just like a 404, any other 4xx will mean that in some way the page or website could not be reached, while a 2xx means that your request was successfully completed.
Table of content
- What are HTTP status codes?
- How are HTTP status codes categorized?
- Complete list of HTTP Status Codes
- What does this HTTP status code mean?
- HTTP Status codes to know for SEO
- How to check the HTTP status code
- How to fix 404 errors
- How to fix 503 errors
How are HTTP status codes categorized?
HTTP status codes are split into 5 different categories. Each category will give you hints as to what the response was, even if you don’t know the specific response code.
For an explanation of each category — and each individual status code — click on the corresponding link below or go to our complete list of HTTP status codes.
- 1xx — Informational: The server has received the request and is continuing the process
- 2xx — Successful: The request was successful and the browser has received the expected information
- 3xx (Redirection): You have been redirected and the completion of the request requires further action
- 4xx (Client Error): The website or the page could not be reached, either the page is unavailable or the request contains bad syntax
- 5xx (Server Error): While the request appears to be valid, the server could not complete the request
Complete list of HTTP Status Codes
Status code | Meaning |
1xx Informational | |
100 | Continue |
101 | Switching protocols |
102 | Processing |
103 | Early Hints |
2xx Succesful | |
200 | OK |
201 | Created |
202 | Accepted |
203 | Non-Authoritative Information |
204 | No Content |
205 | Reset Content |
206 | Partial Content |
207 | Multi-Status |
208 | Already Reported |
226 | IM Used |
3xx Redirection | |
300 | Multiple Choices |
301 | Moved Permanently |
302 | Found (Previously «Moved Temporarily») |
303 | See Other |
304 | Not Modified |
305 | Use Proxy |
306 | Switch Proxy |
307 | Temporary Redirect |
308 | Permanent Redirect |
4xx Client Error | |
400 | Bad Request |
401 | Unauthorized |
402 | Payment Required |
403 | Forbidden |
404 | Not Found |
405 | Method Not Allowed |
406 | Not Acceptable |
407 | Proxy Authentication Required |
408 | Request Timeout |
409 | Conflict |
410 | Gone |
411 | Length Required |
412 | Precondition Failed |
413 | Payload Too Large |
414 | URI Too Long |
415 | Unsupported Media Type |
416 | Range Not Satisfiable |
417 | Expectation Failed |
418 | I’m a Teapot |
421 | Misdirected Request |
422 | Unprocessable Entity |
423 | Locked |
424 | Failed Dependency |
425 | Too Early |
426 | Upgrade Required |
428 | Precondition Required |
429 | Too Many Requests |
431 | Request Header Fields Too Large |
451 | Unavailable For Legal Reasons |
5xx Server Error | |
500 | Internal Server Error |
501 | Not Implemented |
502 | Bad Gateway |
503 | Service Unavailable |
504 | Gateway Timeout |
505 | HTTP Version Not Supported |
506 | Variant Also Negotiates |
507 | Insufficient Storage |
508 | Loop Detected |
510 | Not Extended |
511 | Network Authentication Required |
HTTP Status Codes explained individually
In some cases a HTTP response code might be descriptive enough to understand its meaning. 200 OK probably means that everything went okay. But what about a 103 Early Hints, 205 Reset Content and 305 Use Proxy?
Below is an explanation for all 63 status codes, sorted in the 5 overall categories.
What does a 1xx Informational status code mean?
A 1xx Informational status code means that the server has received the request and is continuing the process. A 1xx status code is purely temporary and is given while the request processing continues. For most tasks you won’t encounter these much, as it’s not the final response to the request.
- 100 Continue
- 101 Switching protocols
- 102 Processing
- 103 Early Hints
What does 100 Continue mean?
The 100 Continue status code means that the initial part of the request has been received by the server and that the client should proceed with the request or ignore the response if the request has already finished.
What does 101 Switching protocols mean?
The 101 Switching protocols status code means that the server understands the Upgrade header field request and indicates which protocol it is switching to.
What does 102 Processing mean?
The 102 Processing status code means that the server has accepted the full request but has not yet completed it and no response is available as of yet.
What does 103 Early Hints mean?
The 103 Early hints status code is intended to be used to allow the user agent to preload resources, while the server prepares a response. It is intended to be primarily used with the Link Header.
What does a 2xx Succesful status code mean?
A 2xx Succesful status code means that the request was successful and the browser has received the expected information. This is generally the one you want to see, as it means that the request was a success and has been received, understood and accepted it. As a website owner you should make sure that all pages and resources (images, videos, etc.) all return a 2xx status code. This means that browsers can reach it successfully and that your website visitors can see and use your website.
- 200 OK
- 201 Created
- 202 Accepted
- 203 Non-Authoritative Information
- 204 No Content
- 205 Reset Content
- 206 Partial Content
- 207 Multi-Status
- 208 Already Reported
- 226 IM Used
What does 200 OK mean?
The 200 OK status code means that the request was successful, but the meaning of success depends on the request method used:
- GET: The requested resource has been fetched and transmitted to the message body.
- HEAD: The header fields from the requested resource are sent in without the message body.
- POST or PUT: A description of the result of the action is transmitted to the message body.
- TRACE: The request messages, as received by the server, will be included in the message body
When looking at things SEO-wise the 200 OK response code is the perfect status code for a functioning page, all the linked pages are working as they should. A 200 will mean that search engine crawlers can successfully crawl the page and it will be put into their search index.
What does 201 Created mean?
The 201 Created status code means that the request was successfully fulfilled and resulted in one or possibly multiple new resources being created.
What does 202 Accepted mean?
The 202 Accepted status code means that the request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been finished yet. The request may or may not be completed when the processing eventually takes place.
The 203 Non-Authoritative Information status code means that the request was successful. However, the meta-information that has been received is different from the one on the origin server and has instead been collected from a 3rd party or local copy. When not used for backups or mirrors of another resource a 200 OK response is preferable.
What does 204 No Content mean?
The 204 No Content status code means that while the server has successfully fulfilled the request, there is no available content for this request. But the user agent might want to update its currently cached headers for this resource, for the new one.
What does 205 Reset Content mean?
The 205 Reset Content status code means that the user should reset the document that sent this request.
What does 206 Partial Content mean?
The 206 Partial Content response code is a response to a Range header sent from the client when requesting only a part of the resource.
What does 207 Multi-Status mean?
The 207 Multi-Status status code conveys information about multiple resources, in situation when multiple status codes are appropriate.
What does 208 Already Reported mean?
The 208 Already Reported status code is used inside the response element DAV: propstat, in order to avoid enumerating the internal members of multiple bindings to the same collection repeatedly.
What does 226 IM Used mean?
The 226 IM response code means that the server has successfully fulfilled a GET request for the resource, and the response is a representation of the result of one or multiple instance-manipulations applied to the current instance.
What does a 3xx Redirection code mean?
A 3xx Redirection status code means that you have been redirected and the completion of the request requires further action. Redirects are a natural part of the internet and you shouldn’t be scared to have 3xx redirect status codes on your website. A redirect means that the request was received successfully, but that the resource was found elsewhere. If a webpage has changed path and you try to access it through the old path, your CMS will often redirect the user to the new path. Ultimately the request will end in a 2xx success, but first it must go through the 3xx redirection.
- 300 Multiple Choices
- 301 Moved Permanently
- 302 Found (Previously «Moved temporarily»)
- 303 See Other
- 304 Not Modified
- 305 Use Proxy
- 306 Switch Proxy
- 307 Temporary Redirect
- 308 Permanent Redirect
What does 300 Multiple Choices mean?
The 300 Multiple Choices status code means that the request has multiple possible responses and the user/user agent should choose one.
What does 301 Moved Permanently mean?
The 301 Moved Permanently response code means that the target resource has been assigned a new permanent URL and any references to this resources in the future should use one of the URLs included in the response.
When looking at things SEO-wise the 301 Permanent Redirect should be used every time a URL is moved permanently. This redirect passes your current link equity from your content to the new URL. Links that result in a status code 301 does give slightly less link equity than 200. So if you have a lot of links going through a 301 Permanent Redirect it is advised to fix these, if possible.
What does 302 Found (Previously “Moved temporarily”) mean?
The 302 Found status code, previously known as “Moved temporarily”, means that the URI of the request has been changed temporarily, and since changes can be made to the URI in the future, the effective request URI should be used for future requests.
When looking at things SEO-wise the 302 Found should only be used when making temporary changes as it does not pass the link equity the same way as a 301. If the page is not going to come back you should always use 301.
What does 303 See Other mean?
The 303 See Other response code is sent by the server in order to direct the client to get the requested resource at another URI with a GET request.
What does 304 Not Modified mean?
The 304 Not Modified response code informs the client that the response has not been modified. This means that the client can continue to use the already present, cached version of the response.
What does 305 Use Proxy mean?
The 305 Use Proxy status code instructs a client that it should connect to a proxy and then repeat the same request there. This response code is deprecated due to security concerns.
What does 306 Switch Proxy mean?
The 306 Switch proxy status code is no longer in use. It was used to inform the client that the subsequent requests should use the specified proxy.
What does 307 Temporary Redirect mean?
The 307 Temporary Redirect status code gets sent by the server in order to direct the client to the requested resource at another URI. The request method, however, must not be changed.
What does 308 Permanent Redirect mean?
The 308 Permanent Redirect status code means that the requested resource has been permanently assigned a new URI and future references to the resource should be made by using one of the enclosed URIs.
What does a 4xx Client Error mean?
A 4xx Client Error status code means that the website or the page could not be reached and either the page is unavailable or the request contains bad syntax. As a website owner you should do your best to avoid these, as it means your users will not find what they’re looking for. This can be either pages that are no longer found and are either temporarily or permanently gone. Besides giving a bad user experience, it can also hurt your SEO efforts.
- 400 Bad Request
- 401 Unauthorized
- 402 Payment Required
- 403 Forbidden
- 404 Not Found
- 405 Method Not Allowed
- 406 Not Acceptable
- 407 Proxy Authentication Required
- 408 Request Timeout
- 409 Conflict
- 410 Gone
- 411 Length Required
- 412 Precondition Failed
- 413 Payload Too Large
- 414 URI Too Long
- 415 Unsupported Media Type
- 416 Range Not Satisfiable
- 417 Expectation Failed
- 418 I’m a Teapot
- 421 Misdirected Request
- 422 Unprocessable Entity
- 423 Locked
- 424 Failed Dependency
- 425 Too Early
- 426 Upgrade Required
- 428 Precondition Required
- 429 Too Many Requests
- 431 Request Header Fields Too Large
- 451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons
What does 400 Bad Request mean?
The 400 Bad Request status code means that the server could not understand the request because of invalid syntax.
What does 401 Unauthorized mean?
The 401 Unauthorized status code means that the request has not been applied because the server requires user authentication.
What does 402 Payment Required mean?
The 402 Payment Required status code is a response reserved for future use. It was originally created to be implemented in digital payment systems, however, it is rarely used and a standard convention of using it does not exist.
What does 403 Forbidden mean?
The 403 Forbidden status code means that the client request has been rejected because the client does not have rights to access the content. Unlike a 401 error, the client’s identity is known to the server, but since they are not authorized to view the content, giving the proper response is rejected by the server.
What does error 404 mean?
The 404 Not Found status code means that the server either did not find a current representation for the requested resource or is trying to hide its existence from an unauthorized client.
When looking at things SEO-wise the 404 Not Found status code pages with a high volume of traffic should be redirected using a 301 to the most relevant page possible. For some pages, however, a 404 might be necessary, for example, if the product is out of stock for an extended period of time. If you have external links pointing to a page that returns 404, you will lose the link equity those links would otherwise give.
If you need to fix 404 errors, jump to this section.
What does 405 Method Not Allowed mean?
The 405 Method Not Allowed status code means that while the server knows the request method, the method has been disabled and can not be used.
What does 406 Not Acceptable mean?
The 406 Not Acceptable status code is sent by the server when it does not find any content following the criteria given by the user agent.
What does 407 Proxy Authentication Required mean?
The 407 Proxy Authentication Required status code means that the client must first be authenticated by a proxy (similar to a 401).
What does 408 Request Timeout mean?
The 408 Request Timeout status code means that the server did not receive a complete request in the time that it prepared to wait.
What does 409 Conflict mean?
The 409 Conflict status code means that the request could not be fulfilled due to a conflict with the current state of the target resource and is used in situations where the user might be able to resubmit the request after resolving the conflict.
What does 410 Gone mean?
The 410 Gone status code means that the target resource has been deleted and the condition seems to be permanent.
When looking at things SEO-wise the 410 Gone status code is a more permanent version a 404. The page will no longer be available from the server and has no forwarding address available. If you want to completely remove a page from Googles search index, then using 410 on a page is the proper way of doing it (instead of simply 404).
What does 411 Length Required mean?
The 411 Length Required status code means that the server has rejected the request because it requires the Content-Length header field to be defined.
What does 412 Precondition Failed mean?
The 412 Precondition Failed status code means the server does not meet one or multiple preconditions that were indicated in the request header fields.
What does 413 Payload Too Large mean?
The 413 Payload Too Large status code means the server refuses to process the request because the request payload is larger than the server is able or willing to process. While the server may close the connection to prevent the client from continuing the request, it should generate a Retry-After header field and after how long can the client retry.
What does 414 URI Too Long mean?
The 414 URI Too Long status code means that the server is refusing to service the request because the request-target was longer than the server was willing to interpret.
What does 415 Unsupported Media Type mean?
The 415 Unsupported Media Type status code means that the server is rejecting the request because it does not support the media format of the requested data.
What does 416 Range Not Satisfiable mean?
The 416 Range Not Satisfiable status code means that the range specified in the Range header field of the request can’t be fulfilled. The reason might be that the given range is outside the size of the target URI’s data.
What does 417 Expectation Failed mean?
The 417 Expectation Failed status code means that the Expectation indicated by the Expect request-header field could not be met by the server.
What does 418 I’m a Teapot mean?
The 418 I’m a Teapot status code means that the server refuses to brew coffee because it is, in fact, a teapot. (It is a reference to a 1998 April Fools’ joke called »Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol»).
What does 421 Misdirected Request mean?
The 421 Misdirected Request status code means that the client request was directed at a server that is not configured to produce a response.
What does 422 Unprocessable Entity mean?
The 422 Unprocessable Entity status code means that while the request was well-formed, the server was unable to follow it, due to semantic errors.
What does 423 Locked mean?
The 423 Locked status code means that the resource that is being accessed is locked.
What does 424 Failed Dependency mean?
The 424 Failed Dependency status code means that the request failed due to the failure of a previous request.
What does 425 Too Early mean?
The 425 Too Early status code means that the server is not willing to risk processing a request that might be replayed.
What does 426 Upgrade Required mean?
The 426 Upgrade Required status code means that while the server refuses to perform the given request using the current protocol, it might be willing to do so after the client has been upgraded to a different protocol.
What does 428 Precondition Required mean?
The 428 Precondition Required status code means that the origin server requires the request to be conditional.
What does 429 Too Many Requests mean?
The 429 Too Many Requests response code means that in the given time, the user has sent too many requests.
The 431 Request Header Fields Too Large means that the server is not willing to process the request because its header fields are indeed too large, however, the request may be submitted again once the size of the request header fields is reduced.
What does 451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons mean?
The 451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons response code means that the user has requested an illegal resource (such as pages and sites blocked by the government).
What does a 5xx Server error mean?
A 5xx Server error status code means that while the request appears to be valid, the server could not complete the request. If you’re experiencing 5xx server errors for your website, you should immediately look at your server. If you’re hosting your own server you’ll need to start debugging to figure out why it is not responding properly. If you’re using an external hosting provider you’ll need to reach out to them, so they can look at it.
- 500 Internal Server Error
- 501 Not Implemented
- 502 Bad Gateway
- 503 Service Unavailable
- 504 Gateway Timeout
- 505 HTTP Version Not Supported
- 506 Variant Also Negotiates
- 507 Insufficient Storage
- 508 Loop Detected
- 510 Not Extended
- 511 Network Authentication Required
What does 500 Internal Server Error mean?
The 500 Internal Server Error status code means that the server has encountered a situation that it does not know how to handle.
When looking at things SEO-wise the 500 Internal Server Error indicates a problem with the server, not the actual availability of the content. Since bots and users will both be lost, the link equity will go down fast.
What does 501 Not Implemented mean?
The 501 Not Implemented response code means that the request can not be handled because it is not supported by the server.
What does 502 Bad Gateway mean?
The 502 Bad Gateway response code means that the server received an invalid response while working as a gateway to handle the response.
What does 503 Service Unavailable mean?
The 503 Service Unavailable response code means that the server is currently not ready to handle the request. This is a common occurrence when the server is down for maintenance or is overloaded.
When looking at things SEO-wise the 503 Service Unavailable status code means that the server is unavailable and the visitor, bot or human, is asked to return again at a later time. This could be because of either server maintenance or server overload and search engines know to come back and check the availability later.
If you want to fix 503 errors, jump to this section.
What does 504 Gateway Timeout mean?
The 504 Gateway Timeout response code means that the server acting as a gateway could not get a response time.
What does 505 HTTP Version Not Supported mean?
The 505 HTTP Version Not Supported response code means that the version of HTTP used in the request is not supported by the server.
What does 506 Variant Also Negotiates mean?
The 506 Variant Also Negotiates response code means that the server has the following internal configuration error: The chosen variant resource is configured to engage in transparent negotiation itself, therefore it cannot be a proper endpoint in the negotiation process.
What does 507 Insufficient Storage mean?
The 507 Insufficient Storage status code means that the method could not be performed on the resource because the server is not able to store the representation that would be needed to complete the request successfully.
What does 508 Loop Detected mean?
The 508 Loop Detected response code means that the server has detected an infinite loop while processing the request.
What does 510 Not Extended mean?
The 510 Not Extended response code means that further extensions are required for the server to be able to fulfil the request.
What does 511 Network Authentication Required mean?
The 511 Network Authentication Required response code indicates that the client needs to authenticate to gain network access.
HTTP Status Codes & SEO: Here are the ones you need to know
If you want great results with your SEO it’s important to work with technical SEO. A big part of that is handling response codes on your website to ensure that the website is properly crawled by Googlebot and that your content returns the proper response code when it is requested.
Below are the 5 status codes that you need to know as an SEO.
200 OK & SEO
This is the goal for 99 % of your content (pages, media, etc.): a successful status code that means everything works like it should. This is critical to a well-functioning website and for a great user experience.
It also gives you the reassurance that all external pointing to your website will give you link value. If all of your content returns a 200 OK status code you can rest assured that your website is working and is properly accessible for crawlers and visitors alike.
301 Moved Permanently & SEO
In a perfect world all of your content will stay on the same URL and always respond with a 200 OK. But that’s rarely how it works in the real world when managing a website.
If a page has changed its URL you will need to set up a redirect to send users and bots from the old URL to the new URL. Otherwise they will be met by a 404 page (see explanation below). In some content management systems, automatic redirect is a built-in SEO feature, while in others you’ll have to manually set it up.
You should use 301 redirects if the page is permanently gone and will not come back. This is the case for pages that have changed their URL or content that has been deleted.
If something is gone, instead of simply moved, you can either let it become a 404 or choose to redirect it to something similar on your website. This could be a product that you’re no longer going to sell, where it can make sense to redirect that page to the category page instead.
302 Found & SEO
What if the page is only gone temporarily, but will come back again later? To give a good user experience you don’t want it to become a 404 page and you also don’t want to make a permanent 301 redirect.
The solution is to use 302 Found instead of a 301. To the user it will be the same, but to search engine crawlers and bots, it will tell them to check back later on, as this redirect is only temporary. That means the old URL will keep its value while it’s gone.
This is perfect for pages that will only be unavailable temporarily. An example could be a sold-out product which is removed from the website until it is back in stock. In that case you want to make use of a 302 Found temporary redirect. Once the product is back online, you remove the redirect and the page will have kept its value (and good rankings in search engines).
Note that if the 302 redirect is there for too long, Google will consider it a 301 permanent redirect instead.
404 Not Found & SEO
If a page is no longer found it will result in a 404 page (psst, here’s some tips on how to make a great 404 page). This means, that the server tells users, crawlers and bots that the page they were looking for is not found.
These are important to keep an eye on, as they can hurt your SEO a lot if not monitored and fixed.
Firstly, if a page returns a 404 it won’t be shown in Google’s search results. While it won’t get removed instantly, it will be after a short period of time, if not fixed. So if any of the pages that give you organic traffic end up returning a 404 error, you need to fix it quickly. See some tips on how to fix 404 errors here.
Secondly, if the page had any external links pointing to it, they will no longer give any value to your website. So even if the page does not receive any organic traffic, it can hurt your SEO performance.
The easiest way to fix this problem is to set up a 301 redirect. This will give a better user experience and will pass most of the link value from external links to the new page you’re redirecting to.
410 Gone & SEO
What if you actually want a page to completely disappear from Google’s search engine index? It might be intuitive to simply let it return a 404 error, but there’s one caveat with that:
404 does not tell crawlers and bots why the page was not found. For that reason, Google still might keep thinking that the page is there, even if it encounters a 404 error. In most cases this is fine, but there’s one case where you want to make it crystal clear that the content is gone. And that’s if you have been hacked and malicious content has been added to your website.
After doing cleanup it’s not enough to let the URLs return 404. Instead you should make sure that they return the 410 Gone status code. This clearly tells crawlers and bots that the page is gone for good and that they should remove it from their index.
5xx Server errors & SEO
The last one is not directly SEO-related, but more of a good tip for troubleshooting your website.
If you see any response code that start with 5xx, you should instantly know that it is a server error. This will help you greatly when it comes to troubleshooting and fixing it.
Instead of wasting time trying to fix the problem through your CMS backend or elsewhere, you can go straight to fixing the server. No matter if you do your own hosting or if you use a hosting provider, it is helpful to know that it’s related to the server, not your website.
How to check the HTTP status code of a page
Finding the server response code for a page can be done manually in your browser or by using various tools and website crawlers.
Depending on the browser you’re using it is slightly different. Below is how to do it in Chrome (most steps will be similar in other browsers).
Checking HTTP status code in Chrome
- Open the URL your want to check with your browser
- Open the Developer tab (F12) and go to the «Network» tab
- Refresh the page
- Scroll to the top of the list of requests and find the first of type «document»
- In «Status» you can now find the HTTP response code
How to fix 404 errors
If you have seen the status code 404 Page Not found you might have been thinking «What does error 404 mean?»
HTTP status code 404 means «Page Not Found». This means that the request you sent was received by the server, but it could not find the page you were looking for.
So to fix the 404 error you first need to find the cause for it, which can be due to many things. But since you know that the server is reachable (otherwise it would have returned a 5xx error), you know that the error is client-side. Basically that means it’s your fault (not as harsh as it sounds).
Luckily it means that you can also fix the error on your end without having to debugging your server or reaching out to your hosting provider.
Run through this checklist to fix the 404 error:
- Refresh the page. It might seem simple, but a 404 error could have just been a temporary issue that is fixed simply by trying again.
- Check the URL you typed in. Did you make a mistake somewhere? If the URL you typed is not exactly right a 404 is to be expected (unless a 3xx redirect is set up)
- If no mistake was made, try again from a different device like your mobile phone or tablet. If it works from a different device it’s most likely due to browser cache and cookies. Clear the browser cache and delete cookies, then try to access the page again.
If none of the above tricks worked, it’s likely that the piece of content was deleted or some other way moved. If the content was moved, which caused it to change URL, then you should make sure to set up a redirect that points from the old URL to the new one. That way you’re sure that anyone looking for the page can still find it.
If it was deleted, then a 404 error is the right response as the page truly was not found on your website and everything is working as it should.
If you see a lot of your visitors ending up on this page, then it’s most likely due to one of 3 things:
- You have an internal link on your website pointing to the page. If that’s the case, you should remove (or change) this link so it no longer points to a page that is not found.
- External websites link to the page. This is trickier as you can’t simply change it (although you can reach out to the websites and ask them to change it). A more simple thing for you to do would be to add a 301 redirect and point from the page to a different page on your website. That way you lead people to a page that is working, while also being a SEO-friendly option.
- The page is still showing up in Google’s search results and sending traffic to your website. While this is usually short-lived, it is possible that a 404 page can stay in the search results for a while, as a 404 does not tell Googlebot whether the page is temporarily or permanently missing. If this is happening, you’ll need to get the page back quickly or redirect it to a different page, so you won’t lose your rankings in Google.
Find 404 pages in Google Analytics
Have you ever wondered if there’s a way to find 404 pages in Google Analytics?
Well, the good news is, there are ways to find them within your analytics setup. Now this can sometimes come down to how your website is configured. One way to find them is to check by page title — Your 404 page will very likely have “404” or “Page not found” in the title. It’s very easy to find the 404 page this way:
- Within your analytics tool, go to behavior → Site Content → All Pages.
- Now you can set your primary dimension to Page title and search for “404” or “Page not Found”.
- And now — you should hopefully have your 404 report.
Now this is not the only way to set it up, but there is a very good chance that you can find the pages this way.
How to fix 503 errors
The 503 response code means «Service Unavailable» and happens when a server is currently not ready to handle the request. This can be either due to the server being down for maintenance or if it is overloaded.
If this error occurs on your own website, you need to have a look at your server, as something is making it unable to process the requests made.
Unfortunately it’s not always easy and simple to fix. A 503 response code can be due to many things, but at least you know it’s server-related and not client-side like with a 404 error.
Here’s a list of steps you can go through to identify and fix a 503 error:
- Is your website still running and receiving traffic? Check your Analytics tools or server logs to see if other visitors are getting through to your website.
- If it’s no longer receiving traffic your server might be under maintenance or have crashed. If it’s under maintenance then a 503 is to be expected and everything will work fine once it’s done. If it crashed you should try restarting it.
- If you’re receiving huge amounts of website traffic, the server is most likely overloaded and returning 503 errors because it doesn’t have the resources to keep up. Before fixing such an issue you need to identify it the traffic is from real visitors or if you’re the victim of a DoS or DDoS attack.
- Identifying a DoS or DDoS attack can be hard, but the most effective ways are:
- Checking if one or more IP addresses make a lot of requests
- The TTL (time to live) on a ping request times out
- Analyzing the server logs and seeing huge spikes in traffic
- If it looks to be a DoS or DDoS attack, you’ll need to apply one or more defense techniques to stop the attack.
- If it is not a DoS or DDoS attack, then your website has most likely become more popular than your server can handle. The best way to fix such an issue is to look at connection limits, bandwidth throttling, system resources, fail-safes that might have triggered or anything that might be limiting server performance. Essentially you’ll need to upgrade your server so it has the proper resources to handle the traffic.
The above list is great for troubleshooting one-off 503 errors. But if it happens on a regular basis, then it might be a more permanent problem with your server that you should dive deeper into fixing. This can be inefficient processes using up all of your resources or your server simply not having enough allocated resources to handle the traffic your website is receiving.
What status code is returned by a website when the browser request is successful?
With all these HTTP status codes — It can be a bit daunting to figure if any of them are good. But some of them are.
A browser will return a 2xx status code if the browser request was successful. So a 2xx code is the one you want to see. The 200 status code means that the browser’s request was successful and received, understood, and accepted.
Практически каждый сталкивался с ситуацией, когда в ответ на попытку открыть сайт, загрузить файл или приложение браузер выдает ошибку, например, 404 – Not Found. Каждая ошибка имеет свой код – трехзначное число, по которому можно определить, что именно произошло с запросом.
На самом деле веб-сервер высылает трехзначные коды в ответ на любое обращение браузера к нему, даже если запрос обработан успешно. Но обычный пользователь сталкивается только с кодами, обозначающими ошибку обработки запроса, а успешные и информационные ответы сервера остаются для него невидимыми.
В этой статье мы разберем, какие виды ошибок зашифрованы в ответах и почему эти ошибки возникают.
Ошибки 4xx (400-414)
Ответы с кодами от 400 до 414 называют «ошибками на стороне клиента». Сервер дает понять, что что-то не так с самим запросом. Несмотря на классификацию, такие ошибки часто необходимо исправлять вебмастеру, а не пользователю. Их причиной могу быть неправильные настройки веб-сервера, скриптов сайта и т. п.
Ошибка 400
Расшифровывается как «неверный запрос». Код ошибки 400 говорит о том, что запрос составлен неправильно, и сервер не может его понять. Если вы формируете запрос вручную, то, возможно, указали неверный URL. Но чаще всего запрос повреждается в результате технического сбоя или искажения данных при передаче. Это может произойти по нескольким причинам:
- передача данных блокируется антивирусом или брандмауэром Windows;
- данные искажаются при нестабильном соединении;
- клиент (браузер или приложение) пытается загрузить слишком большой файл;
- повреждены или устарели куки на стороне пользователя.
Ошибка 401
Пояснение – «не авторизовано». Код ошибки 401 означает, что запрос направлен к защищенным ресурсам, для которых требуется аутентификация. Сервер ожидает получить логин и пароль, но в запросе их нет.
Ошибка 403
Ответ означает «Запрещено». У пользователя нет прав на доступ к файлам или папкам по ссылке. Чаще всего вебмастеру исправлять ничего не нужно, все настроено верно. А вот пользователю необходимо проверить, правильно ли он указал адрес страницы. Иногда из-за опечатки ссылка ведет в запрещенную для просмотра папку, а не на страницу сайта.
Если же пользователь не может попасть на страницу, которая должна быть разрешена к просмотру, то, возможно, в настройках сайта или внутренних ссылках есть ошибки, которые нужно исправить разработчику.
Ошибка 404
Самый популярный код ошибки – 404. Переводится как «не найдено». Такой ответ сервер отсылает, если не находит документ, файл или страницу по указанному пользователем адресу. Возможные причины:
- страница, которая ранее размещалась по этой ссылке, перемещена или удалена навсегда. В этом случае для SEO-продвижения будет лучше, чтобы сервер отдавал ответы с кодами 410 или 301, а не обрабатывал запрос как 404 ошибку. Вебмастеру нужно об этом позаботиться;
- страница недоступна временно из-за технических сбоев. В этом случае ничего делать не нужно за исключением устранения самих сбоев;
- пользователь опечатался и ввел неправильный адрес страницы. Предпринимать ничего не нужно, 404 ответ в этом случае является корректным.
Страницу, на которой посетитель видит код ошибки 404, рекомендуется оформить с пользой: дать ссылки на главную страницу сайта и популярные разделы, объяснить, почему пользователь видит эту ошибку. На многих сайтах на 404 странице можно увидеть креативное оформление, забавные анимации и т. п.
Ошибка 405
Расшифровка – «метод не поддерживается». Для каждого типа операций (загрузка, передача данных) http-протокол предусматривает использование своего метода (GET, POST и т. д.). Ошибка означает, что запрос на сервер выполнен с использованием неправильного метода. От клиента здесь мало что зависит, причины – в настройках веб-сервера. Например:
- происходит попытка обработки файлов с помощью метода POST, тогда как файлы этого формата должны обрабатываться непосредственно сервером Apache;
- PHP-скрипт не справляется с большим объемом импорта данных, такую операцию лучше проводить другими способами. Время, отведенное на работу скрипта, превышается, и возникает ошибка 405;
- некорректно настроено взаимодействие метода POST и модуля FastCGI.
Ошибка 406
Расшифровывается как «неприемлемо». Достаточно редкий ответ. Возникает, если сервер отдает информацию в виде, который не может распознать клиент (ваш браузер, или поисковый робот – если ошибка появляется при индексации страниц сайта). Чаще всего контент не распознается из-за сжатия или неподдерживаемого формата, иногда – неправильной кодировки.
Причина может быть в:
- установленном на хостинге брандмауэре ModSecurity. Он блокирует запросы, которые считает зловредными. Иногда «под раздачу» попадают и вполне безобидные обращения. Часто ошибка 406 появляется после установки плагинов, кодов рекламных баннеров;
- неверных заголовках Content-Type или Content-Encoding;
- отправке в ответ на запрос поискового робота сжатого контента, тогда как требуются данные без сжатия.
Ошибка 407
Пояснение переводится как «нужна аутентификация прокси». Возникает, если доступ в сеть или к определенным сайтам осуществляется через прокси-сервер, но в запросе нет данных для авторизации на нем. Пользователю нужно пройти аутентификацию. Обычно в тексте ответа с кодом 407 содержатся подсказки – как это сделать.
Ошибка 408
Переводится как «истекло время запроса». Может возникнуть при передаче больших файлов, временного сбоя интернет-подключения, перегрузке сервера в данный момент и т. д. Чаще всего никаких действий от вебмастера не требуется, за исключением случаев, когда 408 ошибка появляется часто и есть подозрение, что сервер не справляется с текущей нагрузкой. Тогда стоит подумать об аренде дополнительных ресурсов хостинга или переходе на более подходящий тарифный план.
Со стороны пользователя чаще всего устранить проблему можно простой перезагрузкой страницы. Также можно попробовать зайти на сайт позже или проверить стабильность интернет-соединения.
Ошибка 409
Произошел конфликт запроса и данных на сервере. Например, пользователь загружает файл устаревшей версии, в то время как аналогичный файл на сервере – более новый.
В некоторых случаях причиной может быть:
- конфликт обращений между файлами на самом сервере, тогда действия пользователя здесь ни при чем;
- конфликт с прокси, через которые идет обращение к серверу;
- вирусное ПО на компьютере пользователя;
- сбой в работе браузера.
Чаще всего ошибку можно устранить, просто загрузив корректный файл.
Ошибка 410
Страница или документ, к которому обращается запрос, недоступен. Ошибка 410 похожа на 404 с той лишь разницей, что она выдается, если данные по ссылке удалены навсегда.
Исправлять чаще всего ничего не нужно. Наоборот, рекомендуется прописывать код ответа 410 для документов или страниц, которые были удалены, чтобы поисковые роботы не тратили на них лимит сканирования при переобходе сайта.
Ошибка 411
Расшифровывается как «требуется длина». Такая ситуация может возникнуть при передаче файлов определенными методами и выставленных ограничениях на передаваемый объем. В этих случаях серверу нужен параметр Content-Length, и он ожидает увидеть его в запросе.
Ошибка 412
Расшифровывается как «предварительное условие не выполнено». Причину ошибки нужно искать в заголовках запроса. Иногда там прописываются различные условия, и сервер обязан проверить их соблюдение перед обработкой запроса. Если при проверке сервер выявляет, что условия не могут быть выполнены, не соблюдаются, он отклоняет запрос и высылает ответ с кодом 412.
Самая простая причина – проблема в браузере пользователя. Достаточно почистить кеш и куки, чтобы ошибка исчезла.
Также проблема может возникнуть после установки на сайте новых тем, плагинов или некорректного изменения кода.
Ошибка 413
Означает «слишком большое тело запроса». Объем запроса больше, чем веб-сервер может обработать. Чаще всего возникает при загрузке слишком большого файла. Ограничения по объему файлов могут быть выставлены по умолчанию (например, в Nginx это 1 МБ) или веб-мастером. Чтобы увеличить допустимый объем, измените настройки веб-сервера, директивы .htaccess или скрипты php, которые отвечают за загрузку.
Если ограничения выставлены корректно, то пользователю нужно порекомендовать:
- загрузить файл меньшего размера (сжать изображение или видео);
- архивировать загружаемый файл (при архивации будет применено сжатие и размер файла уменьшится);
- не загружать несколько файлов одновременно.
Ошибка 414
Перевод пояснения – «URL слишком длинный». Сервер не может взять в обработку слишком длинный веб-адрес, и поэтому отклоняет запрос.
Ошибка может возникнуть, например, при некорректно настроенном коде CMS, когда при каждом переходе со страницы на страницу в административной панели сайта к URL дописывается фрагмент с параметрами. Таким образом ссылка становится все длиннее и длиннее, пока не превышает лимит.
Часто наличие таких ошибок и переходов по длинным URL свидетельствуют о попытках взломать сайт.
Ошибки на стороне сервера 5xx
Следующая категория ошибок – на стороне сервера (с 500 по 560). Ответ с таким кодом говорит, что запрос корректный, и отвечает всем требованиям сервера, но сам сервер по своим причинам не может его обработать. Разберем коротко каждую из ошибок.
Ошибка 500
Перевод пояснения – «внутренняя ошибка сервера». Ответ с кодом 500 выдается в том случае, когда ошибку нельзя отнести ни к каким другим типам – сервер не может определить, в чем проблема. Часто причина в неверных настройках .htaccess.
Ошибка 501
Означает «не реализовано». Сервер не понимает метод запроса, или не имеет функциональности для его обработки. Не стоит путать с 405 ошибкой – в ее случае метод просто используется неправильно (не к тем данным или неправильным способом), однако сервер его знает.
Ошибка 502
Означает «ошибка шлюза». Если запрос проходит через несколько серверов (через прокси), и какой-то из них не может обработать запрос, то первый сервер отдает такую ошибку. Возможные причины:
- блокировка запроса файерволом сервера;
- нет связи между какими-то участками в пути следования запроса;
- имеет место неправильная настройка сервера- «виновника» или конфликт настроек между серверами;
- сервер неисправен и т. п.
Ошибка 503
Пояснение переводится как как «сервис недоступен». Возможные причины:
- к серверу одновременно поступило большое количество обращений пользователей, и у него не хватает мощности их все обработать;
- на сервере стоит ограничение на максимальное одновременное подключение пользователей, и оно превышено;
- на сервере проводятся технические работы.
Ошибка 503 может быть связана с DDoS-атакой или просто перегрузкой сервера из-за несоответствия нагрузки на сайт и выделенных под него на хостинге мощностей. В последнем случае, возможно, стоит перейти на тарифный план уровнем выше.
Ошибка 504
Означает, что «время прохождения через шлюз истекло». Возникает, если запрос проходит через один или несколько шлюзов-серверов, и один из них не укладывается в отведенный таймаут. Причинами могут быть слишком короткий таймаут в настройках, перегрузка сервера запросами, медленное или нестабильное интернет-соединение между серверами и т. п.
Ошибка 505
Означает «версия http не поддерживается». Здесь причина понятна из названия ошибки. Такой ответ можно получить, если на сервере или клиенте работает устаревшее программное обеспечение, а также из-за некорректных настроек обработки запросов на стороне сервера.
Ошибка 506
Можно расшифровать как «сервер подвергается цензуре». Сервер, к которому отправлен запрос, запрещен для доступа из-за цензурных ограничений.
REST APIs use the Status-Line part of an HTTP response message to inform clients of their request’s overarching result. RFC 2616 defines the Status-Line syntax as shown below:
Status-Line = HTTP-Version SP Status-Code SP Reason-Phrase CRLF
HTTP defines these standard status codes that can be used to convey the results of a client’s request. The status codes are divided into five categories.
- 1xx: Informational – Communicates transfer protocol-level information.
- 2xx: Success – Indicates that the client’s request was accepted successfully.
- 3xx: Redirection – Indicates that the client must take some additional action in order to complete their request.
- 4xx: Client Error – This category of error status codes points the finger at clients.
- 5xx: Server Error – The server takes responsibility for these error status codes.
1xx Status Codes [Informational]
Status Code |
Description |
---|---|
100 Continue |
An interim response. Indicates to the client that the initial part of the request has been received and has not yet been rejected by the server. The client SHOULD continue by sending the remainder of the request or, if the request has already been completed, ignore this response. The server MUST send a final response after the request has been completed. |
101 Switching Protocol |
Sent in response to an Upgrade request header from the client, and indicates the protocol the server is switching to. |
102 Processing (WebDAV) |
Indicates that the server has received and is processing the request, but no response is available yet. |
103 Early Hints |
Primarily intended to be used with the |
2xx Status Codes [Success]
Status Code |
Description |
---|---|
200 OK |
Indicates that the request has succeeded. |
201 Created |
Indicates that the request has succeeded and a new resource has been created as a result. |
202 Accepted |
Indicates that the request has been received but not completed yet. It is typically used in log running requests and batch processing. |
203 Non-Authoritative Information |
Indicates that the returned metainformation in the entity-header is not the definitive set as available from the origin server, but is gathered from a local or a third-party copy. The set presented MAY be a subset or superset of the original version. |
204 No Content |
The server has fulfilled the request but does not need to return a response body. The server may return the updated meta information. |
205 Reset Content |
Indicates the client to reset the document which sent this request. |
206 Partial Content |
It is used when the |
207 Multi-Status (WebDAV) |
An indicator to a client that multiple operations happened, and that the status for each operation can be found in the body of the response. |
208 Already Reported (WebDAV) |
Allows a client to tell the server that the same resource (with the same binding) was mentioned earlier. It never appears as a true HTTP response code in the status line, and only appears in bodies. |
226 IM Used |
The server has fulfilled a GET request for the resource, and the response is a representation of the result of one or more instance-manipulations applied to the current instance. |
3xx Status Codes [Redirection]
Status Code |
Description |
---|---|
300 Multiple Choices |
The request has more than one possible response. The user-agent or user should choose one of them. |
301 Moved Permanently |
The URL of the requested resource has been changed permanently. The new URL is given by the |
302 Found |
The URL of the requested resource has been changed temporarily. The new URL is given by the |
303 See Other |
The response can be found under a different URI and SHOULD be retrieved using a GET method on that resource. |
304 Not Modified |
Indicates the client that the response has not been modified, so the client can continue to use the same cached version of the response. |
305 Use Proxy (Deprecated) |
Indicates that a requested response must be accessed by a proxy. |
306 (Unused) |
It is a reserved status code and is not used anymore. |
307 Temporary Redirect |
Indicates the client to get the requested resource at another URI with same method that was used in the prior request. It is similar to |
308 Permanent Redirect (experimental) |
Indicates that the resource is now permanently located at another URI, specified by the |
4xx Status Codes (Client Error)
Status Code |
Description |
---|---|
400 Bad Request |
The request could not be understood by the server due to incorrect syntax. The client SHOULD NOT repeat the request without modifications. |
401 Unauthorized |
Indicates that the request requires user authentication information. The client MAY repeat the request with a suitable Authorization header field |
402 Payment Required (Experimental) |
Reserved for future use. It is aimed for using in the digital payment systems. |
403 Forbidden |
Unauthorized request. The client does not have access rights to the content. Unlike 401, the client’s identity is known to the server. |
404 Not Found |
The server can not find the requested resource. |
405 Method Not Allowed |
The request HTTP method is known by the server but has been disabled and cannot be used for that resource. |
406 Not Acceptable |
The server doesn’t find any content that conforms to the criteria given by the user agent in the |
407 Proxy Authentication Required |
Indicates that the client must first authenticate itself with the proxy. |
408 Request Timeout |
Indicates that the server did not receive a complete request from the client within the server’s allotted timeout period. |
409 Conflict |
The request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current state of the resource. |
410 Gone |
The requested resource is no longer available at the server. |
411 Length Required |
The server refuses to accept the request without a defined Content- Length. The client MAY repeat the request if it adds a valid |
412 Precondition Failed |
The client has indicated preconditions in its headers which the server does not meet. |
413 Request Entity Too Large |
Request entity is larger than limits defined by server. |
414 Request-URI Too Long |
The URI requested by the client is longer than the server can interpret. |
415 Unsupported Media Type |
The media-type in |
416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable |
The range specified by the |
417 Expectation Failed |
The expectation indicated by the |
418 I’m a teapot (RFC 2324) |
It was defined as April’s lool joke and is not expected to be implemented by actual HTTP servers. (RFC 2324) |
420 Enhance Your Calm (Twitter) |
Returned by the Twitter Search and Trends API when the client is being rate limited. |
422 Unprocessable Entity (WebDAV) |
The server understands the content type and syntax of the request entity, but still server is unable to process the request for some reason. |
423 Locked (WebDAV) |
The resource that is being accessed is locked. |
424 Failed Dependency (WebDAV) |
The request failed due to failure of a previous request. |
425 Too Early (WebDAV) |
Indicates that the server is unwilling to risk processing a request that might be replayed. |
426 Upgrade Required |
The server refuses to perform the request. The server will process the request after the client upgrades to a different protocol. |
428 Precondition Required |
The origin server requires the request to be conditional. |
429 Too Many Requests |
The user has sent too many requests in a given amount of time (“rate limiting”). |
431 Request Header Fields Too Large |
The server is unwilling to process the request because its header fields are too large. |
444 No Response (Nginx) |
The Nginx server returns no information to the client and closes the connection. |
449 Retry With (Microsoft) |
The request should be retried after performing the appropriate action. |
450 Blocked by Windows Parental Controls (Microsoft) |
Windows Parental Controls are turned on and are blocking access to the given webpage. |
451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons |
The user-agent requested a resource that cannot legally be provided. |
499 Client Closed Request (Nginx) |
The connection is closed by the client while HTTP server is processing its request, making the server unable to send the HTTP header back. |
5xx Status Codes (Server Error)
Status Code |
Description |
---|---|
500 Internal Server Error |
The server encountered an unexpected condition that prevented it from fulfilling the request. |
501 Not Implemented |
The HTTP method is not supported by the server and cannot be handled. |
502 Bad Gateway |
The server got an invalid response while working as a gateway to get the response needed to handle the request. |
503 Service Unavailable |
The server is not ready to handle the request. |
504 Gateway Timeout |
The server is acting as a gateway and cannot get a response in time for a request. |
505 HTTP Version Not Supported (Experimental) |
The HTTP version used in the request is not supported by the server. |
506 Variant Also Negotiates (Experimental) |
Indicates that the server has an internal configuration error: the chosen variant resource is configured to engage in transparent content negotiation itself, and is therefore not a proper endpoint in the negotiation process. |
507 Insufficient Storage (WebDAV) |
The method could not be performed on the resource because the server is unable to store the representation needed to successfully complete the request. |
508 Loop Detected (WebDAV) |
The server detected an infinite loop while processing the request. |
510 Not Extended |
Further extensions to the request are required for the server to fulfill it. |
511 Network Authentication Required |
Indicates that the client needs to authenticate to gain network access. |
6. REST Specific HTTP Status Codes
200 (OK)
It indicates that the REST API successfully carried out whatever action the client requested and that no more specific code in the 2xx series is appropriate.
Unlike the 204 status code, a 200 response should include a response body. The information returned with the response is dependent on the method used in the request, for example:
- GET an entity corresponding to the requested resource is sent in the response;
- HEAD the entity-header fields corresponding to the requested resource are sent in the response without any message-body;
- POST an entity describing or containing the result of the action;
- TRACE an entity containing the request message as received by the end server.
201 (Created)
A REST API responds with the 201 status code whenever a resource is created inside a collection. There may also be times when a new resource is created as a result of some controller action, in which case 201 would also be an appropriate response.
The newly created resource can be referenced by the URI(s) returned in the entity of the response, with the most specific URI for the resource given by a Location header field.
The origin server MUST create the resource before returning the 201 status code. If the action cannot be carried out immediately, the server SHOULD respond with a 202 (Accepted) response instead.
202 (Accepted)
A 202 response is typically used for actions that take a long while to process. It indicates that the request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed. The request might or might not be eventually acted upon, or even maybe disallowed when processing occurs.
Its purpose is to allow a server to accept a request for some other process (perhaps a batch-oriented process that is only run once per day) without requiring that the user agent’s connection to the server persist until the process is completed.
The entity returned with this response SHOULD include an indication of the request’s current status and either a pointer to a status monitor (job queue location) or some estimate of when the user can expect the request to be fulfilled.
204 (No Content)
The 204 status code is usually sent out in response to a PUT
, POST
, or DELETE
request when the REST API declines to send back any status message or representation in the response message’s body.
An API may also send 204 in conjunction with a GET request to indicate that the requested resource exists, but has no state representation to include in the body.
If the client is a user agent, it SHOULD NOT change its document view from that which caused the request to be sent. This response is primarily intended to allow input for actions to take place without causing a change to the user agent’s active document view. However, any new or updated metainformation SHOULD be applied to the document currently in the user agent’s dynamic view.
The 204 response MUST NOT include a message-body and thus is always terminated by the first empty line after the header fields.
301 (Moved Permanently)
The 301 status code indicates that the REST API’s resource model has been significantly redesigned, and a new permanent URI has been assigned to the client’s requested resource. The REST API should specify the new URI in the response’s Location header, and all future requests should be directed to the given URI.
You will hardly use this response code in your API as you can always use the API versioning for the new API while retaining the old one.
302 (Found)
The HTTP response status code 302 Found is a common way of performing URL redirection. An HTTP response with this status code will additionally provide a URL in the Location header field. The user agent (e.g., a web browser) is invited by a response with this code to make a second. Otherwise identical, request to the new URL specified in the location field.
Many web browsers implemented this code in a manner that violated this standard, changing the request type of the new request to GET, regardless of the type employed in the original request (e.g., POST). RFC 1945 and RFC 2068 specify that the client is not allowed to change the method on the redirected request. The status codes 303 and 307 have been added for servers that wish to make unambiguously clear which kind of reaction is expected of the client.
303 (See Other)
A 303 response indicates that a controller resource has finished its work, but instead of sending a potentially unwanted response body, it sends the client the URI of a response resource. The response can be the URI of the temporary status message, or the URI to some already existing, more permanent, resource.
Generally speaking, the 303 status code allows a REST API to send a reference to a resource without forcing the client to download its state. Instead, the client may send a GET request to the value of the Location header.
The 303 response MUST NOT be cached, but the response to the second (redirected) request might be cacheable.
304 (Not Modified)
This status code is similar to 204 (“No Content”) in that the response body must be empty. The critical distinction is that 204 is used when there is nothing to send in the body, whereas 304 is used when the resource has not been modified since the version specified by the request headers If-Modified-Since or If-None-Match.
In such a case, there is no need to retransmit the resource since the client still has a previously-downloaded copy.
Using this saves bandwidth and reprocessing on both the server and client, as only the header data must be sent and received in comparison to the entirety of the page being re-processed by the server, then sent again using more bandwidth of the server and client.
307 (Temporary Redirect)
A 307 response indicates that the REST API is not going to process the client’s request. Instead, the client should resubmit the request to the URI specified by the response message’s Location header. However, future requests should still use the original URI.
A REST API can use this status code to assign a temporary URI to the client’s requested resource. For example, a 307 response can be used to shift a client request over to another host.
The temporary URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to the new URI(s). If the 307 status code is received in response to a request other than GET
or HEAD
, the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since this might change the conditions under which the request was issued.
400 (Bad Request)
400 is the generic client-side error status, used when no other 4xx error code is appropriate. Errors can be like malformed request syntax, invalid request message parameters, or deceptive request routing etc.
The client SHOULD NOT repeat the request without modifications.
401 (Unauthorized)
A 401 error response indicates that the client tried to operate on a protected resource without providing the proper authorization. It may have provided the wrong credentials or none at all. The response must include a WWW-Authenticate header field containing a challenge applicable to the requested resource.
The client MAY repeat the request with a suitable Authorization header field. If the request already included Authorization credentials, then the 401 response indicates that authorization has been refused for those credentials. If the 401 response contains the same challenge as the prior response, and the user agent has already attempted authentication at least once, then the user SHOULD be presented the entity that was given in the response, since that entity might include relevant diagnostic information.
403 (Forbidden)
A 403 error response indicates that the client’s request is formed correctly, but the REST API refuses to honor it, i.e., the user does not have the necessary permissions for the resource. A 403 response is not a case of insufficient client credentials; that would be 401 (“Unauthorized”).
Authentication will not help, and the request SHOULD NOT be repeated. Unlike a 401 Unauthorized response, authenticating will make no difference.
404 (Not Found)
The 404 error status code indicates that the REST API can’t map the client’s URI to a resource but may be available in the future. Subsequent requests by the client are permissible.
No indication is given of whether the condition is temporary or permanent. The 410 (Gone) status code SHOULD be used if the server knows, through some internally configurable mechanism, that an old resource is permanently unavailable and has no forwarding address. This status code is commonly used when the server does not wish to reveal exactly why the request has been refused, or when no other response is applicable.
405 (Method Not Allowed)
The API responds with a 405 error to indicate that the client tried to use an HTTP method that the resource does not allow. For instance, a read-only resource could support only GET and HEAD, while a controller resource might allow GET and POST, but not PUT or DELETE.
A 405 response must include the Allow header, which lists the HTTP methods that the resource supports. For example:
Allow: GET, POST
406 (Not Acceptable)
The 406 error response indicates that the API is not able to generate any of the client’s preferred media types, as indicated by the Accept request header. For example, a client request for data formatted as application/xml
will receive a 406 response if the API is only willing to format data as application/json
.
If the response could be unacceptable, a user agent SHOULD temporarily stop receipt of more data and query the user for a decision on further actions.
412 (Precondition Failed)
The 412 error response indicates that the client specified one or more preconditions in its request headers, effectively telling the REST API to carry out its request only if certain conditions were met. A 412 response indicates that those conditions were not met, so instead of carrying out the request, the API sends this status code.
415 (Unsupported Media Type)
The 415 error response indicates that the API is not able to process the client’s supplied media type, as indicated by the Content-Type request header. For example, a client request including data formatted as application/xml
will receive a 415 response if the API is only willing to process data formatted as application/json
.
For example, the client uploads an image as image/svg+xml, but the server requires that images use a different format.
500 (Internal Server Error)
500 is the generic REST API error response. Most web frameworks automatically respond with this response status code whenever they execute some request handler code that raises an exception.
A 500 error is never the client’s fault, and therefore, it is reasonable for the client to retry the same request that triggered this response and hope to get a different response.
The API response is the generic error message, given when an unexpected condition was encountered and no more specific message is suitable.
501 (Not Implemented)
The server either does not recognize the request method, or it cannot fulfill the request. Usually, this implies future availability (e.g., a new feature of a web-service API).
References :
https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xhtml