Номер ошибки 401

Появление сообщения об ошибке 401 Unauthorized Error («отказ в доступе») при открытии страницы сайта означает неверную авторизацию или аутентификацию пользователя на стороне сервера при обращении к определенному url-адресу. Чаще всего она возникает при ошибочном вводе имени и/или пароля посетителем ресурса при входе в свой аккаунт. Другой причиной являются неправильные настройки, допущенные при администрировании web-ресурса. Данная ошибка отображается в браузере в виде отдельной страницы с соответствующим описанием. Некоторые разработчики интернет-ресурсов, в особенности крупных порталов, вводят собственную дополнительную кодировку данного сбоя:

  • 401 Unauthorized;
  • Authorization Required;
  • HTTP Error 401 – Ошибка авторизации.

Попробуем разобраться с наиболее распространенными причинами возникновения данной ошибки кода HTTP-соединения и обсудим способы их решения.

Причины появления ошибки сервера 401 и способы ее устранения на стороне пользователя

При доступе к некоторым сайтам (или отдельным страницам этих сайтов), посетитель должен пройти определенные этапы получения прав:

  1. Идентификация – получение вашей учетной записи («identity») по username/login или email.
  2. Аутентификация («authentic») – проверка того, что вы знаете пароль от этой учетной записи.
  3. Авторизация – проверка вашей роли (статуса) в системе и решение о предоставлении доступа к запрошенной странице или ресурсу на определенных условиях.

Большинство пользователей сохраняют свои данные по умолчанию в истории браузеров, что позволяет быстро идентифицироваться на наиболее часто посещаемых страницах и синхронизировать настройки между устройствами. Данный способ удобен для серфинга в интернете, но может привести к проблемам с безопасностью доступа к конфиденциальной информации. При наличии большого количества авторизованных регистрационных данных к различным сайтам используйте надежный мастер-пароль, который закрывает доступ к сохраненной в браузере информации.

Наиболее распространенной причиной появления ошибки с кодом 401 для рядового пользователя является ввод неверных данных при посещении определенного ресурса. В этом и других случаях нужно попробовать сделать следующее:

  1. Проверьте в адресной строке правильность написания URL. Особенно это касается перехода на подстраницы сайта, требующие авторизации. Введите правильный адрес. Если переход на страницу осуществлялся после входа в аккаунт, разлогинитесь, вернитесь на главную страницу и произведите повторный вход с правильными учетными данными.
  2. При осуществлении входа с сохраненными данными пользователя и появлении ошибки сервера 401 проверьте их корректность в соответствующих настройках данного браузера. Возможно, авторизационные данные были вами изменены в другом браузере. Также можно очистить кэш, удалить cookies и повторить попытку входа. При удалении истории браузера или очистке кэша потребуется ручное введение логина и пароля для получения доступа. Если вы не помните пароль, пройдите процедуру восстановления, следуя инструкциям.
  3. Если вы считаете, что вводите правильные регистрационные данные, но не можете получить доступ к сайту, обратитесь к администратору ресурса. В этом случае лучше всего сделать скриншот проблемной страницы.
  4. Иногда блокировка происходит на стороне провайдера, что тоже приводит к отказу в доступе и появлению сообщения с кодировкой 401. Для проверки можно попробовать авторизоваться на том же ресурсе с альтернативного ip-адреса (например, используя VPN). При подтверждении блокировки трафика свяжитесь с провайдером и следуйте его инструкциям.

Некоторые крупные интернет-ресурсы с большим количеством подписчиков используют дополнительные настройки для обеспечения безопасности доступа. К примеру, ваш аккаунт может быть заблокирован при многократных попытках неудачной авторизации. Слишком частые попытки законнектиться могут быть восприняты как действия бота. В этом случае вы увидите соответствующее сообщение, но можете быть просто переадресованы на страницу с кодом 401. Свяжитесь с администратором сайта и решите проблему.

Иногда простая перезагрузка проблемной страницы, выход из текущей сессии или использование другого веб-браузера полностью решают проблему с 401 ошибкой авторизации.

Ошибка 401 - отказ в доступе

Устранение ошибки 401 администратором веб-ресурса 

Для владельцев сайтов, столкнувшихся с появлением ошибки отказа доступа 401, решить ее порою намного сложнее, чем обычному посетителю ресурса. Есть несколько рекомендаций, которые помогут в этом:

  • Обращение в службу поддержки хостинга сайта. Как и в случае возникновения проблем с провайдером, лучше всего подробно описать последовательность действий, приведших к появлению ошибки 401, приложить скриншот.
  • При отсутствии проблем на стороне хостинг-провайдера можно внести следующие изменения в настройки сайта с помощью строки Disallow:/адрес проблемной страницы. Запретить индексацию страницам с ошибкой в «rоbоts.txt», после чего добавить в файл «.htассеss» строку такого типа:
Redirect 301 /oldpage.html http://site.com/newpage.html.

Где в поле /oldpage.html прописывается адрес проблемной страницы, а в http://site.com/newpage.html адрес страницы авторизации.

Таким образом вы перенаправите пользователей со всех страниц, которые выдают ошибку 401, на страницу начальной авторизации.

  • Если после выполнения предыдущих рекомендаций пользователи при попытках авторизации все равно видят ошибку 401, то найдите на сервере файл «php.ini» и увеличьте время жизни сессии, изменив значения следующих параметров: «session.gc_maxlifetime» и «session.cookie_lifetime» на 1440 и 0 соответственно.
  • Разработчики веб-ресурсов могут использовать более сложные методы авторизации и аутентификации доступа для создания дополнительной защиты по протоколу HTTP. Если устранить сбой простыми методами администрирования не удается, следует обратиться к специалистам, создававшим сайт, для внесения соответствующих изменений в код.

Хотя ошибка 401 и является проблемой на стороне клиента, ошибка пользователя на стороне сервера может привести к ложному требованию входа в систему. К примеру, сетевой администратор разрешит аутентификацию входа в систему всем пользователям, даже если это не требуется. В таком случае сообщение о несанкционированном доступе будет отображаться для всех, кто посещает сайт. Баг устраняется внесением соответствующих изменений в настройки.

Дополнительная информация об ошибке с кодом 401

Веб-серверы под управлением Microsoft IIS могут предоставить дополнительные данные об ошибке 401 Unauthorized в виде второго ряда цифр:

  • 401, 1 – войти не удалось;
  • 401, 2 – ошибка входа в систему из-за конфигурации сервера;
  • 401, 3 – несанкционированный доступ из-за ACL на ресурс;
  • 401, 501 – доступ запрещен: слишком много запросов с одного и того же клиентского IP; ограничение динамического IP-адреса – достигнут предел одновременных запросов и т.д.

Более подробную информацию об ошибке сервера 401 при использовании обычной проверки подлинности для подключения к веб-узлу, который размещен в службе MS IIS, смотрите здесь. 

Следующие сообщения также являются ошибками на стороне клиента и относятся к 401 ошибке:

  • 400 Bad Request; 
  • 403 Forbidden; 
  • 404 Not Found;
  • 408 Request Timeout.

Как видим, появление ошибки авторизации 401 Unauthorized не является критичным для рядового посетителя сайта и чаще всего устраняется самыми простыми способами. В более сложной ситуации оказываются администраторы и владельцы интернет-ресурсов, но и они в 100% случаев разберутся с данным багом путем изменения настроек или корректировки html-кода с привлечением разработчика сайта. 

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) response status codes. Status codes are issued by a server in response to a client’s request made to the server. It includes codes from IETF Request for Comments (RFCs), other specifications, and some additional codes used in some common applications of the HTTP. The first digit of the status code specifies one of five standard classes of responses. The optional message phrases shown are typical, but any human-readable alternative may be provided, or none at all.

Unless otherwise stated, the status code is part of the HTTP standard (RFC 9110).

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) maintains the official registry of HTTP status codes.[1]

All HTTP response status codes are separated into five classes or categories. The first digit of the status code defines the class of response, while the last two digits do not have any classifying or categorization role. There are five classes defined by the standard:

  • 1xx informational response – the request was received, continuing process
  • 2xx successful – the request was successfully received, understood, and accepted
  • 3xx redirection – further action needs to be taken in order to complete the request
  • 4xx client error – the request contains bad syntax or cannot be fulfilled
  • 5xx server error – the server failed to fulfil an apparently valid request

1xx informational response

An informational response indicates that the request was received and understood. It is issued on a provisional basis while request processing continues. It alerts the client to wait for a final response. The message consists only of the status line and optional header fields, and is terminated by an empty line. As the HTTP/1.0 standard did not define any 1xx status codes, servers must not[note 1] send a 1xx response to an HTTP/1.0 compliant client except under experimental conditions.

100 Continue
The server has received the request headers and the client should proceed to send the request body (in the case of a request for which a body needs to be sent; for example, a POST request). Sending a large request body to a server after a request has been rejected for inappropriate headers would be inefficient. To have a server check the request’s headers, a client must send Expect: 100-continue as a header in its initial request and receive a 100 Continue status code in response before sending the body. If the client receives an error code such as 403 (Forbidden) or 405 (Method Not Allowed) then it should not send the request’s body. The response 417 Expectation Failed indicates that the request should be repeated without the Expect header as it indicates that the server does not support expectations (this is the case, for example, of HTTP/1.0 servers).[2]
101 Switching Protocols
The requester has asked the server to switch protocols and the server has agreed to do so.
102 Processing (WebDAV; RFC 2518)
A WebDAV request may contain many sub-requests involving file operations, requiring a long time to complete the request. This code indicates that the server has received and is processing the request, but no response is available yet.[3] This prevents the client from timing out and assuming the request was lost. The status code is deprecated.[4]
103 Early Hints (RFC 8297)
Used to return some response headers before final HTTP message.[5]

2xx success

This class of status codes indicates the action requested by the client was received, understood, and accepted.[1]

200 OK
Standard response for successful HTTP requests. The actual response will depend on the request method used. In a GET request, the response will contain an entity corresponding to the requested resource. In a POST request, the response will contain an entity describing or containing the result of the action.
201 Created
The request has been fulfilled, resulting in the creation of a new resource.[6]
202 Accepted
The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed. The request might or might not be eventually acted upon, and may be disallowed when processing occurs.
203 Non-Authoritative Information (since HTTP/1.1)
The server is a transforming proxy (e.g. a Web accelerator) that received a 200 OK from its origin, but is returning a modified version of the origin’s response.[7][8]
204 No Content
The server successfully processed the request, and is not returning any content.
205 Reset Content
The server successfully processed the request, asks that the requester reset its document view, and is not returning any content.
206 Partial Content
The server is delivering only part of the resource (byte serving) due to a range header sent by the client. The range header is used by HTTP clients to enable resuming of interrupted downloads, or split a download into multiple simultaneous streams.
207 Multi-Status (WebDAV; RFC 4918)
The message body that follows is by default an XML message and can contain a number of separate response codes, depending on how many sub-requests were made.[9]
208 Already Reported (WebDAV; RFC 5842)
The members of a DAV binding have already been enumerated in a preceding part of the (multistatus) response, and are not being included again.
226 IM Used (RFC 3229)
The server has fulfilled a request for the resource, and the response is a representation of the result of one or more instance-manipulations applied to the current instance.[10]

3xx redirection

This class of status code indicates the client must take additional action to complete the request. Many of these status codes are used in URL redirection.[1]

A user agent may carry out the additional action with no user interaction only if the method used in the second request is GET or HEAD. A user agent may automatically redirect a request. A user agent should detect and intervene to prevent cyclical redirects.[11]

300 Multiple Choices
Indicates multiple options for the resource from which the client may choose (via agent-driven content negotiation). For example, this code could be used to present multiple video format options, to list files with different filename extensions, or to suggest word-sense disambiguation.
301 Moved Permanently
This and all future requests should be directed to the given URI.
302 Found (Previously «Moved temporarily»)
Tells the client to look at (browse to) another URL. The HTTP/1.0 specification (RFC 1945) required the client to perform a temporary redirect with the same method (the original describing phrase was «Moved Temporarily»),[12] but popular browsers implemented 302 redirects by changing the method to GET. Therefore, HTTP/1.1 added status codes 303 and 307 to distinguish between the two behaviours.[11]
303 See Other (since HTTP/1.1)
The response to the request can be found under another URI using the GET method. When received in response to a POST (or PUT/DELETE), the client should presume that the server has received the data and should issue a new GET request to the given URI.
304 Not Modified
Indicates that the resource has not been modified since the version specified by the request headers If-Modified-Since or If-None-Match. In such case, there is no need to retransmit the resource since the client still has a previously-downloaded copy.
305 Use Proxy (since HTTP/1.1)
The requested resource is available only through a proxy, the address for which is provided in the response. For security reasons, many HTTP clients (such as Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer) do not obey this status code.
306 Switch Proxy
No longer used. Originally meant «Subsequent requests should use the specified proxy.»
307 Temporary Redirect (since HTTP/1.1)
In this case, the request should be repeated with another URI; however, future requests should still use the original URI. In contrast to how 302 was historically implemented, the request method is not allowed to be changed when reissuing the original request. For example, a POST request should be repeated using another POST request.
308 Permanent Redirect
This and all future requests should be directed to the given URI. 308 parallel the behaviour of 301, but does not allow the HTTP method to change. So, for example, submitting a form to a permanently redirected resource may continue smoothly.

4xx client errors

A The Wikimedia 404 message

404 error on Wikimedia

This class of status code is intended for situations in which the error seems to have been caused by the client. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the server should include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. These status codes are applicable to any request method. User agents should display any included entity to the user.

400 Bad Request
The server cannot or will not process the request due to an apparent client error (e.g., malformed request syntax, size too large, invalid request message framing, or deceptive request routing).
401 Unauthorized
Similar to 403 Forbidden, but specifically for use when authentication is required and has failed or has not yet been provided. The response must include a WWW-Authenticate header field containing a challenge applicable to the requested resource. See Basic access authentication and Digest access authentication. 401 semantically means «unauthorised», the user does not have valid authentication credentials for the target resource.
Some sites incorrectly issue HTTP 401 when an IP address is banned from the website (usually the website domain) and that specific address is refused permission to access a website.[citation needed]
402 Payment Required
Reserved for future use. The original intention was that this code might be used as part of some form of digital cash or micropayment scheme, as proposed, for example, by GNU Taler,[14] but that has not yet happened, and this code is not widely used. Google Developers API uses this status if a particular developer has exceeded the daily limit on requests.[15] Sipgate uses this code if an account does not have sufficient funds to start a call.[16] Shopify uses this code when the store has not paid their fees and is temporarily disabled.[17] Stripe uses this code for failed payments where parameters were correct, for example blocked fraudulent payments.[18]
403 Forbidden
The request contained valid data and was understood by the server, but the server is refusing action. This may be due to the user not having the necessary permissions for a resource or needing an account of some sort, or attempting a prohibited action (e.g. creating a duplicate record where only one is allowed). This code is also typically used if the request provided authentication by answering the WWW-Authenticate header field challenge, but the server did not accept that authentication. The request should not be repeated.
404 Not Found
The requested resource could not be found but may be available in the future. Subsequent requests by the client are permissible.
405 Method Not Allowed
A request method is not supported for the requested resource; for example, a GET request on a form that requires data to be presented via POST, or a PUT request on a read-only resource.
406 Not Acceptable
The requested resource is capable of generating only content not acceptable according to the Accept headers sent in the request. See Content negotiation.
407 Proxy Authentication Required
The client must first authenticate itself with the proxy.
408 Request Timeout
The server timed out waiting for the request. According to HTTP specifications: «The client did not produce a request within the time that the server was prepared to wait. The client MAY repeat the request without modifications at any later time.»
409 Conflict
Indicates that the request could not be processed because of conflict in the current state of the resource, such as an edit conflict between multiple simultaneous updates.
410 Gone
Indicates that the resource requested was previously in use but is no longer available and will not be available again. This should be used when a resource has been intentionally removed and the resource should be purged. Upon receiving a 410 status code, the client should not request the resource in the future. Clients such as search engines should remove the resource from their indices. Most use cases do not require clients and search engines to purge the resource, and a «404 Not Found» may be used instead.
411 Length Required
The request did not specify the length of its content, which is required by the requested resource.
412 Precondition Failed
The server does not meet one of the preconditions that the requester put on the request header fields.
413 Payload Too Large
The request is larger than the server is willing or able to process. Previously called «Request Entity Too Large» in RFC 2616.[19]
414 URI Too Long
The URI provided was too long for the server to process. Often the result of too much data being encoded as a query-string of a GET request, in which case it should be converted to a POST request. Called «Request-URI Too Long» previously in RFC 2616.[20]
415 Unsupported Media Type
The request entity has a media type which the server or resource does not support. For example, the client uploads an image as image/svg+xml, but the server requires that images use a different format.
416 Range Not Satisfiable
The client has asked for a portion of the file (byte serving), but the server cannot supply that portion. For example, if the client asked for a part of the file that lies beyond the end of the file. Called «Requested Range Not Satisfiable» previously RFC 2616.[21]
417 Expectation Failed
The server cannot meet the requirements of the Expect request-header field.[22]
418 I’m a teapot (RFC 2324, RFC 7168)
This code was defined in 1998 as one of the traditional IETF April Fools’ jokes, in RFC 2324, Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol, and is not expected to be implemented by actual HTTP servers. The RFC specifies this code should be returned by teapots requested to brew coffee.[23] This HTTP status is used as an Easter egg in some websites, such as Google.com’s «I’m a teapot» easter egg.[24][25][26] Sometimes, this status code is also used as a response to a blocked request, instead of the more appropriate 403 Forbidden.[27][28]
421 Misdirected Request
The request was directed at a server that is not able to produce a response (for example because of connection reuse).
422 Unprocessable Entity
The request was well-formed but was unable to be followed due to semantic errors.[9]
423 Locked (WebDAV; RFC 4918)
The resource that is being accessed is locked.[9]
424 Failed Dependency (WebDAV; RFC 4918)
The request failed because it depended on another request and that request failed (e.g., a PROPPATCH).[9]
425 Too Early (RFC 8470)
Indicates that the server is unwilling to risk processing a request that might be replayed.
426 Upgrade Required
The client should switch to a different protocol such as TLS/1.3, given in the Upgrade header field.
428 Precondition Required (RFC 6585)
The origin server requires the request to be conditional. Intended to prevent the ‘lost update’ problem, where a client GETs a resource’s state, modifies it, and PUTs it back to the server, when meanwhile a third party has modified the state on the server, leading to a conflict.[29]
429 Too Many Requests (RFC 6585)
The user has sent too many requests in a given amount of time. Intended for use with rate-limiting schemes.[29]
431 Request Header Fields Too Large (RFC 6585)
The server is unwilling to process the request because either an individual header field, or all the header fields collectively, are too large.[29]
451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons (RFC 7725)
A server operator has received a legal demand to deny access to a resource or to a set of resources that includes the requested resource.[30] The code 451 was chosen as a reference to the novel Fahrenheit 451 (see the Acknowledgements in the RFC).

5xx server errors

The server failed to fulfil a request.

Response status codes beginning with the digit «5» indicate cases in which the server is aware that it has encountered an error or is otherwise incapable of performing the request. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the server should include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and indicate whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. Likewise, user agents should display any included entity to the user. These response codes are applicable to any request method.

500 Internal Server Error
A generic error message, given when an unexpected condition was encountered and no more specific message is suitable.
501 Not Implemented
The server either does not recognize the request method, or it lacks the ability to fulfil the request. Usually this implies future availability (e.g., a new feature of a web-service API).
502 Bad Gateway
The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and received an invalid response from the upstream server.
503 Service Unavailable
The server cannot handle the request (because it is overloaded or down for maintenance). Generally, this is a temporary state.[31]
504 Gateway Timeout
The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and did not receive a timely response from the upstream server.
505 HTTP Version Not Supported
The server does not support the HTTP version used in the request.
506 Variant Also Negotiates (RFC 2295)
Transparent content negotiation for the request results in a circular reference.[32]
507 Insufficient Storage (WebDAV; RFC 4918)
The server is unable to store the representation needed to complete the request.[9]
508 Loop Detected (WebDAV; RFC 5842)
The server detected an infinite loop while processing the request (sent instead of 208 Already Reported).
510 Not Extended (RFC 2774)
Further extensions to the request are required for the server to fulfil it.[33]
511 Network Authentication Required (RFC 6585)
The client needs to authenticate to gain network access. Intended for use by intercepting proxies used to control access to the network (e.g., «captive portals» used to require agreement to Terms of Service before granting full Internet access via a Wi-Fi hotspot).[29]

Unofficial codes

The following codes are not specified by any standard.

218 This is fine (Apache HTTP Server)
Used by Apache servers. A catch-all error condition allowing the passage of message bodies through the server when the ProxyErrorOverride setting is enabled. It is displayed in this situation instead of a 4xx or 5xx error message.[34]
419 Page Expired (Laravel Framework)
Used by the Laravel Framework when a CSRF Token is missing or expired.[citation needed]
420 Method Failure (Spring Framework)
A deprecated response used by the Spring Framework when a method has failed.[35]
420 Enhance Your Calm (Twitter)
Returned by version 1 of the Twitter Search and Trends API when the client is being rate limited; versions 1.1 and later use the 429 Too Many Requests response code instead.[36] The phrase «Enhance your calm» comes from the 1993 movie Demolition Man, and its association with this number is likely a reference to cannabis.[citation needed]
430 Request Header Fields Too Large (Shopify)
Used by Shopify, instead of the 429 Too Many Requests response code, when too many URLs are requested within a certain time frame.[37]
450 Blocked by Windows Parental Controls (Microsoft)
The Microsoft extension code indicated when Windows Parental Controls are turned on and are blocking access to the requested webpage.[38]
498 Invalid Token (Esri)
Returned by ArcGIS for Server. Code 498 indicates an expired or otherwise invalid token.[39]
499 Token Required (Esri)
Returned by ArcGIS for Server. Code 499 indicates that a token is required but was not submitted.[39]
509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded (Apache Web Server/cPanel)
The server has exceeded the bandwidth specified by the server administrator; this is often used by shared hosting providers to limit the bandwidth of customers.[40]
529 Site is overloaded
Used by Qualys in the SSLLabs server testing API to signal that the site can’t process the request.[41]
530 Site is frozen
Used by the Pantheon Systems web platform to indicate a site that has been frozen due to inactivity.[42]
598 (Informal convention) Network read timeout error
Used by some HTTP proxies to signal a network read timeout behind the proxy to a client in front of the proxy.[43]
599 Network Connect Timeout Error
An error used by some HTTP proxies to signal a network connect timeout behind the proxy to a client in front of the proxy.

Internet Information Services

Microsoft’s Internet Information Services (IIS) web server expands the 4xx error space to signal errors with the client’s request.

440 Login Time-out
The client’s session has expired and must log in again.[44]
449 Retry With
The server cannot honour the request because the user has not provided the required information.[45]
451 Redirect
Used in Exchange ActiveSync when either a more efficient server is available or the server cannot access the users’ mailbox.[46] The client is expected to re-run the HTTP AutoDiscover operation to find a more appropriate server.[47]

IIS sometimes uses additional decimal sub-codes for more specific information,[48] however these sub-codes only appear in the response payload and in documentation, not in the place of an actual HTTP status code.

nginx

The nginx web server software expands the 4xx error space to signal issues with the client’s request.[49][50]

444 No Response
Used internally[51] to instruct the server to return no information to the client and close the connection immediately.
494 Request header too large
Client sent too large request or too long header line.
495 SSL Certificate Error
An expansion of the 400 Bad Request response code, used when the client has provided an invalid client certificate.
496 SSL Certificate Required
An expansion of the 400 Bad Request response code, used when a client certificate is required but not provided.
497 HTTP Request Sent to HTTPS Port
An expansion of the 400 Bad Request response code, used when the client has made a HTTP request to a port listening for HTTPS requests.
499 Client Closed Request
Used when the client has closed the request before the server could send a response.

Cloudflare

Cloudflare’s reverse proxy service expands the 5xx series of errors space to signal issues with the origin server.[52]

520 Web Server Returned an Unknown Error
The origin server returned an empty, unknown, or unexpected response to Cloudflare.[53]
521 Web Server Is Down
The origin server refused connections from Cloudflare. Security solutions at the origin may be blocking legitimate connections from certain Cloudflare IP addresses.
522 Connection Timed Out
Cloudflare timed out contacting the origin server.
523 Origin Is Unreachable
Cloudflare could not reach the origin server; for example, if the DNS records for the origin server are incorrect or missing.
524 A Timeout Occurred
Cloudflare was able to complete a TCP connection to the origin server, but did not receive a timely HTTP response.
525 SSL Handshake Failed
Cloudflare could not negotiate a SSL/TLS handshake with the origin server.
526 Invalid SSL Certificate
Cloudflare could not validate the SSL certificate on the origin web server. Also used by Cloud Foundry’s gorouter.
527 Railgun Error
Error 527 indicates an interrupted connection between Cloudflare and the origin server’s Railgun server.[54]
530
Error 530 is returned along with a 1xxx error.[55]

AWS Elastic Load Balancing

Amazon Web Services’ Elastic Load Balancing adds a few custom return codes to signal issues either with the client request or with the origin server.[56]

460
Client closed the connection with the load balancer before the idle timeout period elapsed. Typically when client timeout is sooner than the Elastic Load Balancer’s timeout.[56]
463
The load balancer received an X-Forwarded-For request header with more than 30 IP addresses.[56]
464
Incompatible protocol versions between Client and Origin server.[56]
561 Unauthorized
An error around authentication returned by a server registered with a load balancer. You configured a listener rule to authenticate users, but the identity provider (IdP) returned an error code when authenticating the user.[56]

Caching warning codes (obsoleted)

The following caching related warning codes were specified under RFC 7234. Unlike the other status codes above, these were not sent as the response status in the HTTP protocol, but as part of the «Warning» HTTP header.[57][58]

Since this «Warning» header is often neither sent by servers nor acknowledged by clients, this header and its codes were obsoleted by the HTTP Working Group in 2022 with RFC 9111.[59]

110 Response is Stale
The response provided by a cache is stale (the content’s age exceeds a maximum age set by a Cache-Control header or heuristically chosen lifetime).
111 Revalidation Failed
The cache was unable to validate the response, due to an inability to reach the origin server.
112 Disconnected Operation
The cache is intentionally disconnected from the rest of the network.
113 Heuristic Expiration
The cache heuristically chose a freshness lifetime greater than 24 hours and the response’s age is greater than 24 hours.
199 Miscellaneous Warning
Arbitrary, non-specific warning. The warning text may be logged or presented to the user.
214 Transformation Applied
Added by a proxy if it applies any transformation to the representation, such as changing the content encoding, media type or the like.
299 Miscellaneous Persistent Warning
Same as 199, but indicating a persistent warning.

See also

  • Custom error pages
  • List of FTP server return codes
  • List of HTTP header fields
  • List of SMTP server return codes
  • Common Log Format

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ Emphasised words and phrases such as must and should represent interpretation guidelines as given by RFC 2119

References

  1. ^ a b c «Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Status Code Registry». Iana.org. Archived from the original on December 11, 2011. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
  2. ^ Fielding, Roy T. «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 10.1.1 «Expect»«.
  3. ^ Goland, Yaronn; Whitehead, Jim; Faizi, Asad; Carter, Steve R.; Jensen, Del (February 1999). HTTP Extensions for Distributed Authoring – WEBDAV. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2518. RFC 2518. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
  4. ^ «102 Processing — HTTP MDN». 102 status code is deprecated
  5. ^ Oku, Kazuho (December 2017). An HTTP Status Code for Indicating Hints. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC8297. RFC 8297. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  6. ^ Stewart, Mark; djna. «Create request with POST, which response codes 200 or 201 and content». Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  7. ^ «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 15.3.4».
  8. ^ «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 7.7».
  9. ^ a b c d e Dusseault, Lisa, ed. (June 2007). HTTP Extensions for Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV). IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC4918. RFC 4918. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
  10. ^ Delta encoding in HTTP. IETF. January 2002. doi:10.17487/RFC3229. RFC 3229. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
  11. ^ a b «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 15.4 «Redirection 3xx»«.
  12. ^ Berners-Lee, Tim; Fielding, Roy T.; Nielsen, Henrik Frystyk (May 1996). Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.0. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC1945. RFC 1945. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
  13. ^ «The GNU Taler tutorial for PHP Web shop developers 0.4.0». docs.taler.net. Archived from the original on November 8, 2017. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
  14. ^ «Google API Standard Error Responses». 2016. Archived from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  15. ^ «Sipgate API Documentation». Archived from the original on July 10, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  16. ^ «Shopify Documentation». Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
  17. ^ «Stripe API Reference – Errors». stripe.com. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
  18. ^ «RFC2616 on status 413». Tools.ietf.org. Archived from the original on March 7, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  19. ^ «RFC2616 on status 414». Tools.ietf.org. Archived from the original on March 7, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  20. ^ «RFC2616 on status 416». Tools.ietf.org. Archived from the original on March 7, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  21. ^ TheDeadLike. «HTTP/1.1 Status Codes 400 and 417, cannot choose which». serverFault. Archived from the original on October 10, 2015. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  22. ^ Larry Masinter (April 1, 1998). Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol (HTCPCP/1.0). doi:10.17487/RFC2324. RFC 2324. Any attempt to brew coffee with a teapot should result in the error code «418 I’m a teapot». The resulting entity body MAY be short and stout.
  23. ^ I’m a teapot
  24. ^ Barry Schwartz (August 26, 2014). «New Google Easter Egg For SEO Geeks: Server Status 418, I’m A Teapot». Search Engine Land. Archived from the original on November 15, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
  25. ^ «Google’s Teapot». Retrieved October 23, 2017.[dead link]
  26. ^ «Enable extra web security on a website». DreamHost. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
  27. ^ «I Went to a Russian Website and All I Got Was This Lousy Teapot». PCMag. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
  28. ^ a b c d Nottingham, M.; Fielding, R. (April 2012). «RFC 6585 – Additional HTTP Status Codes». Request for Comments. Internet Engineering Task Force. Archived from the original on May 4, 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
  29. ^ Bray, T. (February 2016). «An HTTP Status Code to Report Legal Obstacles». ietf.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
  30. ^ alex. «What is the correct HTTP status code to send when a site is down for maintenance?». Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  31. ^ Holtman, Koen; Mutz, Andrew H. (March 1998). Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2295. RFC 2295. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
  32. ^ Nielsen, Henrik Frystyk; Leach, Paul; Lawrence, Scott (February 2000). An HTTP Extension Framework. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2774. RFC 2774. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
  33. ^ «218 This is fine — HTTP status code explained». HTTP.dev. Retrieved July 25, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  34. ^ «Enum HttpStatus». Spring Framework. org.springframework.http. Archived from the original on October 25, 2015. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  35. ^ «Twitter Error Codes & Responses». Twitter. 2014. Archived from the original on September 27, 2017. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  36. ^ «HTTP Status Codes and SEO: what you need to know». ContentKing. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
  37. ^ «Screenshot of error page». Archived from the original (bmp) on May 11, 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
  38. ^ a b «Using token-based authentication». ArcGIS Server SOAP SDK. Archived from the original on September 26, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
  39. ^ «HTTP Error Codes and Quick Fixes». Docs.cpanel.net. Archived from the original on November 23, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
  40. ^ «SSL Labs API v3 Documentation». github.com.
  41. ^ «Platform Considerations | Pantheon Docs». pantheon.io. Archived from the original on January 6, 2017. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
  42. ^ «HTTP status codes — ascii-code.com». www.ascii-code.com. Archived from the original on January 7, 2017. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
  43. ^
    «Error message when you try to log on to Exchange 2007 by using Outlook Web Access: «440 Login Time-out»«. Microsoft. 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  44. ^ «2.2.6 449 Retry With Status Code». Microsoft. 2009. Archived from the original on October 5, 2009. Retrieved October 26, 2009.
  45. ^ «MS-ASCMD, Section 3.1.5.2.2». Msdn.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on March 26, 2015. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
  46. ^ «Ms-oxdisco». Msdn.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on July 31, 2014. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
  47. ^ «The HTTP status codes in IIS 7.0». Microsoft. July 14, 2009. Archived from the original on April 9, 2009. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
  48. ^ «ngx_http_request.h». nginx 1.9.5 source code. nginx inc. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  49. ^ «ngx_http_special_response.c». nginx 1.9.5 source code. nginx inc. Archived from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  50. ^ «return» directive Archived March 1, 2018, at the Wayback Machine (http_rewrite module) documentation.
  51. ^ «Troubleshooting: Error Pages». Cloudflare. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  52. ^ «Error 520: web server returns an unknown error». Cloudflare.
  53. ^ «527 Error: Railgun Listener to origin error». Cloudflare. Archived from the original on October 13, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  54. ^ «Error 530». Cloudflare. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
  55. ^ a b c d e «Troubleshoot Your Application Load Balancers – Elastic Load Balancing». docs.aws.amazon.com. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
  56. ^ «Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Caching». datatracker.ietf.org. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
  57. ^ «Warning — HTTP | MDN». developer.mozilla.org. Retrieved August 15, 2021. Some text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.5) license.
  58. ^ «RFC 9111: HTTP Caching, Section 5.5 «Warning»«. June 2022.

External links

  • «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 15 «Status Codes»«.
  • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Status Code Registry at the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
  • HTTP status codes at http-statuscode.com
  • MDN status code reference at mozilla.org

HTTP response status code 401 Unauthorized is a client error that is returned by the server to indicate that the HTTP request has to be authenticated, and that appropriate login credentials have not yet been received.

Usage

When the 401 Unauthorized error message is received, the client understands that valid login credentials need to be supplied in advance of being granted access to the requested resource. It may be that the client needs to first log in to the system, or alternatively, supply credentials as part of the HTTP request. It may also be that the login credentials are not valid. It is relevant to distinguish this from 403 Forbidden, which informs the client that the action is not allowed.

When the server sends a 401 Unauthorized response, it must include the WWW-Authenticate response header. This informs the client as to what authorization methods it allows. IANA has a list of the standard authentication schemes, varying in both security and popularity. The specifications for common Authentication schemes can be found at the following links:

  • Basic

    This type of authentication is the transmission of credentials and ID/Password pairs RFC 7617.

  • Bearer

    This authentication, also known as token authentication, relies on security tokens that are generated by the server and returned to the client following a successful login. The client is responsible for sending these tokens in any subsequent attempt to access secure resources RFC 6750.

  • Digest

    HTTP Digest access authentication is a challenge-response protocol that can be used to authenticate resource requests RFC 7616.

  • HOBA

    Short for HTTP Origin-Bound Authentication, is a scheme that does not require the server to maintain a list of stored passwords, and thus is not vulnerable to phishing attacks RFC 7486.

  • Mutual

    Mutual authentication, also known as two-way authentication, is similar to the basic and digest authentication schemes, with the difference that the server is guaranteed to know the client’s encrypted password. Essentially, the client and server authenticate each other before the interaction continues RFC 8120.

  • AWS4-HMAC-SHA256

    This is an authentication algorithm designed to provide authentication information to Amazon Web Services AWS S3 API Reference.

More than one Authentication method can be specified by the server, either on multiple lines or a single, comma-delimited line. When the client has the credentials required, they are sent to the server using the Authorization request header.

Note

Search engines like Google will not index a URL with 401 Unauthorized response status, and consequently, URLs that have been indexed in the past but are now returning this HTTP status code will be removed from the search results.

Example

In the example, the client requests a resource and the server responds with the 401 Unauthorized status code to indicate that the resource is protected. As part of the response, the server indicates that it supports both basic authorization and mutual authorization. The client responds by stating that it is providing a username:password pair using the basic authentication protocol, which is specified in the Authorization header. Finally, the server responds by transmitting the requested resource.

Initial request

GET /documents/tech-news HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.re

Initial response

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
WWW-Authenticate: Basic; realm=”Documents”
WWW-Authenticate: Mutual

Next request, including Authorization

GET /documents/tech-news HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.re
Authorization: Basic RXhhbXBsZTphaQ==

Final response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/pdf
Content-Length: 25000

<PDF document included in message body>

Code references

.NET

HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized

Rust

http::StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED

Rails

:unauthorized

Go

http.StatusUnauthorized

Symfony

Response::HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED

Python3.5+

http.HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED

Java

java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED

Apache HttpComponents Core

org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpStatus.SC_UNAUTHORIZED

Angular

@angular/common/http/HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized

Takeaway

The 401 Unauthorized status code indicates that authorization is required to access the requested resource. The server will inform which Authentication method(s) it supports and the client is required to authenticate itself before access is granted. Several common authentication schemes exist.

See also

  • RFC 7235

Last updated: August 2, 2023

Викинг и четыре ошибки на его пути

Понимать суть и знать, как действовать — то, что необходимо, когда встречаешься лицом к лицу с ошибками на своём сайте. Особенно если речь идёт об ошибках на стороне клиента, код которых начинается с цифры 4. Объясним смысл самых частых ошибок такого рода и расскажем, что можно предпринять в каждом из случаев.

400 Bad Request (Неверный запрос)

Сервер сообщает, что обнаружена ошибка в синтаксисе запроса к нему, то есть в правилах его написания. Обычно это происходит из-за проблем на устройстве или в браузере, однако есть небольшая вероятность, что всему виной неполадки на самом сервере. Но сначала исходим из того, что сервер здесь ни при чём.

Смысл ошибки 400

Если вы открыли свой сайт и увидели ошибку 400, то в первую очередь сделайте то, что вы сделали бы в случае посещения любого другого сайта:

1. Проверьте, что адрес страницы написан верно (нет неподходящих символов, нет проблем с регистром букв и отсутствуют пробелы).

2. Посмотрите, происходит ли то же самое в других браузерах. Если нет, то обновите браузер, показывающий ошибку, и очистите куки.

3. Ошибка продолжает появляться? Проверьте устройство антивирусом, затем отключите антивирус и/или брандмауэр, если вредоносная активность не была обнаружена. В случае исчезновения ошибки настройте антивирус / брандмауэр так, чтобы он больше доверял вашему браузеру.

4. Ошибка всё-таки видна во всех браузерах? Обновите компонент .NET Framework, если вы используете компьютер с Windows, затем просканируйте саму Windows на предмет «мусора» и неполадок, обновите необновлённые драйвера и обновите сам Windows. После каждого из этих шагов проверяйте, продолжает ли появляться ошибка.

5. Если всё это не помогло, обратитесь к интернет-провайдеру — возможно, проблема на его стороне.

Теперь разбираемся с ошибкой как администраторы сайта:

1. Обратитесь к хостингу, если ошибка появляется при посещении сайта с других устройств.

2. В случае, когда ошибка возникает только на одном устройстве, посмотрите, всё ли хорошо с заголовками HTTP-запросов. Они могут считываться как слишком длинные либо ошибочные или вовсе не обнаруживаться.

3. Если при запросе загружается большой по размеру файл, попробуйте загрузить файл меньшего размера.

4. Ошибка возникла после обновления CMS либо установки расширения, модуля или плагина? По возможности верните предыдущую версию CMS и удалите недавно установленные компоненты.

5. Посмотрите лог-файлы сервера и поищите в них причину неполадок.

6. Проведите аудит кода.

При всех действиях с сайтом убедитесь, что сохранена свежая резервная копия файлов сайта и баз данных.

401 Unauthorized (Не авторизован)

Такой код состояния сервера возникает, когда пользователю не удаётся авторизоваться на сайте. Возможно, дело в неверных логине и пароле или в попытке посмотреть контент, доступный только для авторизованных пользователей.

Смысл ошибки 401

Но если это не так, то искать причину ошибки нужно на стороне сайта:

1. Обратитесь к хостинг-провайдеру для выяснения причины ошибки.

2. Удостоверьтесь в том, что уровни доступа для пользователей указаны верно.

3. Ограничьте индексацию поисковиками страниц с ошибкой, написав в файле robots.txt строку Disallow: /адрес страницы. После этого организуйте перенаправление с этих страниц на страницу с авторизацией, указав в файле .htaccess следующее:

Redirect 301 /стараястраница.html http://example.com/новаястраница.html

4. Проверьте, не установлена ли слишком маленькая длительность сессии в файле php.ini на сервере. Установите для параметров session.gc_maxlifetime и session.cookie_lifetime значения 1440 и 0 соответственно.

5. Посмотрите код сайта и скрипты на наличие ошибок.

403 Forbidden (Запрещено)

Здесь ситуация схожа с 401-ой ошибкой: не удаётся войти в систему. Но если в том случае система просто не может определить пользователя, то здесь система понимает, кто перед ней, и сознательно не предоставляет доступ.

Смысл ошибки 403

Что можно сделать?

1. Просто подождать, если ошибка возникла после переноса домена с одного аккаунта хостинга на другой.

2. Уведомление появилось после установки нового плагина? Найдите этот плагин, затем измените его параметры или удалите его.

3. Удостоверьтесь, что в имени индексного файла нет ошибок: index, точка, расширение файла строчными буквами.

4. Также проверьте, что файлы сайта загружены в предназначенную для них папку.

5. Уточните, какие права установлены на папке, где находится запрашиваемый файл или папка. Рекомендуется установить права 744 (выполнять может только владелец) или 755 (выполнять могут и владелец, и пользователи).

6. Посмотрите файл .htaccess на предмет неверно указанных редиректов и излишнего ограничений доступа к файлам.

404 Not Found (Не найдено)

Наверное, самая известная всем ошибка. Она говорит о том, что запрашиваемой страницы нет из-за отсутствия файла с ней или из-за ошибки в URL.

Смысл ошибки 404

1. Если страница по указанному адресу была удалена случайно, верните её.

2. На сайте имеются ссылки, по которым выдаётся ошибка 404? Удалите их или сделайте редирект 301 в файле .htacсess на подходящую страницу-замену.

3. На будущее создайте свою собственную страницу с 404-ой ошибкой. Оформите её в стиле других страниц сайта, также разместите на ней ссылку на главную страницу и, если потребуется, на другие важные разделы ресурса.

Остались вопросы? Посмотрите ответы на вопросы из нашего раздела FAQ:

  • Отчего возникает ошибка 403 (Forbidden)?
  • Отчего возникает ошибка 404 (Not Found)?
  • Как изменить страницы ошибок 403, 404 и 500?

Также мы раньше в целом рассказали о кодах состояния сервера, к которым относятся в том числе и коды ошибок.

What is a 401 error?

The proper 401 Error meaning is an HTTP status code that indicates the request lacks valid authentication credentials for the requested resource. It means that the server knows about the client but the client doesn’t have sufficient permissions to access the resource and is not authorized to do so without proper authentication.



If you are a web developer, admin, or regular user, knowing the importance of the 401 Error is crucial because it helps you diagnose and troubleshoot issues related to authentication and access control.

For example, if you are an administrator, it will help you implement effective security measures. Meanwhile, for regular users, it will be beneficial for them to understand the reason behind denied access to certain resources.

HTTP Error 401

HTTP Error 401

401 Error variations

Here are some of the 401 error variations which indicate the same:

  • HTTP Error 401
  • Access denied
  • 401 Unauthorized Error
  • 401 Authorization Required
  • 401 Unauthorized

Understanding HTTP Status codes

If you are a non-techie and don’t know exactly what are HTTP status codes, they can be understood as a set of standardized three-digit numbers used by web servers to communicate the outcome of a client’s request.

This means they provide you with the status or information about the success redirection, type of errors, and other states of the request-response cycle.

These status codes play a crucial role in web communication as they provide important feedback, indicating whether a request was successful or encountered any problems. With the assistance of these codes, one can readily take appropriate actions based on the response received from the server.

Now, when discussing the 4xx series status codes, such as 401 errors, they are typically classified as client error codes. This series indicates that the client’s request has failed or is invalid due to certain reasons. These error codes generally represent the issues or errors caused by the client’s request or a lack of proper authentication.

Some examples of 4xx Series error codes

As we have already discussed, the 4xx series is called client-side errors which includes some of the popular error codes that you might have familiar with.

  • 400 (Bad Request Error)
  • 403 (Forbidden)
  • 404 (Not Found)

Now, let us focus on 401 Error. This error is specifically used when the client is unable to provide valid authentication credentials to access a resource. Its main purpose is to show the client that the requested resources require valid credentials to proceed further.


What causes 401 Error?

Some of the most common scenarios when you might face a 401 Error message:

  • Missing or invalid credentials: If you are unable to provide authentic credentials due to any reasons or provide incurred or expired credentials, a 401 error will be triggered.
  • Unauthorized access attempt: When you try to access a resource that requires authentication, but the provided credentials do not grant sufficient permission, a 401 Error will be returned.
  • Revoked or Expired tokens: If you use an expired or outdated authentication token, the server may respond with a 401 error.
  • Corrupt or outdated Browser cache and cookies: If you ever see a 401 error, it’s usually because your browser’s cache and cookies are outdated or corrupted. This can cause trouble with authorization. If your browser doesn’t have the correct authentication credentials (or any at all), the server won’t accept your request. Just remember to keep your browser’s cache and cookies up to date to avoid running into these kinds of errors.
  • Incorrect or Outdated URL: Sometimes, in a rush, you might mistakenly enter the wrong URL or encounter a situation where the URL has been changed. This can trigger a 401 error as a result.
  • Plugin conflicts: Sometimes, a 401 error can happen because of a plugin issue. For example, if you are using a firewall or security plugin that might mistakenly think your login attempt is suspicious and block access with a 401 error to keep the page safe.

How a 401 Error affect the user experience?

The 401 Error code can have various impacts on the user experience. It typically results in the user being denied access to the requested resource or receiving an error page instead. The error message associated with the 401 Error should provide guidance on how to resolve the issue or provide appropriate instructions.


Now that you have obtained a solid understanding of the 401 unauthorized error and its background, let’s delve into the methods to resolve and fix this issue.

  • Ensure the URL is correct
  • Check Authentic credentials
  • Clear your browser cache and cookies
  • Flush Your DNS cache
  • Disable WordPress Plugins
  • Check out your website’s .htaccess file
  • Check the WWW-Authenticate header

1. Ensure the URL is correct

One of the most common mistakes that many users make is typing an incorrect URL in the browser’s address bar. Therefore, it’s important to take a moment and carefully enter the correct URL, ensuring that there are no misspelled or outdated entries.

If you happen to enter a wrong, outdated, or misspelled URL, you might encounter an “Error code 401” message. But there’s no need to worry! This error simply indicates that the URL you were trying to access doesn’t exist, resulting in a “401 unauthorized access” response from the server.

Let us understand it with an example, Suppose you have bookmarked a page or saved its address in your browsers, but things can change over time. The page’s address might have been updated or even deleted.

To investigate it further, you can try going to the website’s homepage and looking for a link to the page that is causing the “Unauthorized 401” error. If the page opens correctly through that link, make sure to compare the URL of the page with the one that initially gave you the error.

2. Ensure correct Authentication credentials

Sometimes, you might come across the frustrating 401 Error code when you’re trying to access a locked resource, such as a password-protected page. It basically means that your authentication credentials are not valid, and as a result, you’re denied access to the page you’re trying to open.

Here’s what you can do to tackle this issue. Take your time to double-check if you are logged in with the correct login credentials such as the user ID and password or not.

If you’re confident that you’ve entered the details correctly, you might want to consider changing your password. This could help ensure that you have the right credentials to access the resource without any hiccups.

However, in case you are unable to access your password-protected website, Check out our complete guide on “How To Easily Reset WordPress & Start Over?“.

3. Clear your browser cache and cookies

Without a doubt, browser cache and cookies are intended to enhance your online experience by speeding up website loading. However, there are occasions when they can also be the culprit behind triggering errors.

Specifically, corrupted or outdated cache files and cookies can result in unexpected interruptions or browsing issues. To resolve this, the best course of action is to completely clear your browser’s cache and cookies.

If you are using Chrome browser, follow the steps given below:


Read: 🚩 Browser Market Share & Usage Statistics


Step 1: Depending on your browser, Go to the settings menu.

In Google Chrome, for example, you can find the settings menu by clicking on the three vertical dots located in the upper right corner of the window.

Step 2: To proceed, select “More tools” and then click on “Clear browsing data”.

Clear browsing data in Chrome

Clear browsing data on Chrome

Step 3: A pop-up window will be displayed, and you can choose all three options located under the “Basic” section as depicted in the picture below. These options consist of “Browsing history,” “Cookies and other site data,” and “Cached images and files.

Step 4: Click on “Clear data” to initiate the process.

Clearing data in Google Chrome

Clearing data in Google Chrome

By doing so, any corrupt or invalid information stored locally in your browser will be completely erased. This ensures that if it was causing the authentication issue, it won’t occur again.

4. Flush your DNS Cache

Similar to your browser cache and cookies, the DNS cache is also stored locally on your computer. Although it is uncommon for a DNS cache to trigger a 401 error, it is worth giving it a try as a troubleshooting step.

For Windows 10 and Windows 11 users:

Step 1: Open the Run command by pressing the Windows key and R. Alternatively, you can search for it in the Start menu.

Step 2: Type “cmd” and hit Enter to open the Command Prompt.

Opening Command Prompt in Windows

Opening Command Prompt in Windows

Step 3: Once the Command Prompt window is open, type “ipconfig/release” to release your current IP address.

Using Ipconfig command on CMD

Ipconfig command on CMD

Step 4: Next, type “ipconfig/flushdns” to release the DNS cache.

Step 5: Type “ipconfig /renew” to obtain a new IP address.

ipconfig renew

ipconfig renew

Step 6: Type “netsh int ip set dns” and hit Enter to reset your IP settings.

Step 7: Finally, type “netsh winsock reset” to restore the Winsock Catalog.

netsh winsock reset

netsh winsock reset

Step 8: After completing these steps, restart your computer to ensure the changes take effect.

For MacOS users:

Step 1: First of all, open the system preference options on your Mac. If you have Gas Mask installed, it can make searching for system-related tasks easier.

Step 2: Next, navigate to the Ethernet tab and click on the advanced options.

Step 3: Under the TCP/IP tab, you will find the option to release a DHCP lease. Clicking on this option will allow you to clear out the local DNS on your Mac.

Renew DHCP in MacOS

Renew DHCP lease in macOS

Step 4: Go to Utilities > Terminal and enter the command to clear the local DNS cache.

Step 5: The command for flushing the local DNS cache is “dscacheutil -flushcache”.

Step 6: Once you have entered the command, there will be no separate success or failure message that pops up. However, in most cases, the cache will be cleared without any major issues.

5. Disable WordPress Plugins

It is important to note that the cause of the 401 error may not always lie with your browser, but rather with your WordPress plugins. If you are experiencing difficulties accessing your WordPress site, it is possible that certain plugin(s) are responsible for this issue.

Especially, security plugins have a reputation for causing these types of problems. These plugins are designed to block access and return a 401 error message if they detect any suspicious activity.

Another possibility is that there may be compatibility issues with certain plugins. Some plugins can conflict with your website and trigger such issues. In such cases, the best course of action is to disable all the installed WordPress plugins and check if this resolves the issue.

Step 1: Log in to your WordPress admin dashboard

Step 2: Navigate to the “Plugins” menu option on the left-hand side of the dashboard.

Step 3: A list of installed plugins will be displayed. Take note of the currently active plugins or make a list if needed.

Step 4: Select all the plugins by ticking the checkboxes next to their names or use the “Bulk Actions” dropdown menu to select all.

Step 5: From the “Bulk Actions” dropdown menu, choose “Deactivate” and click the “Apply” button. This will deactivate all the selected plugins simultaneously.

Deactivate WordPress Plugins

Deactivate WordPress Plugins

Step 6: Once the deactivation process is complete, try accessing your website and check if the 401 error is resolved.

If the error is no longer occurring, it indicates that one or more of the plugins were causing the issue. You can then proceed with identifying the conflicting or incompatible plugins by reactivating them one by one and testing the website after each activation until the error reappears. This way, you can pinpoint the specific plugin causing the conflict.

If you find the defective plugin, consider either updating it to a newer version or reaching out to the plugin developer for support. Alternatively, you may need to find an alternative plugin that serves a similar purpose but does not cause conflicts.

6. Check out your website’s .htaccess file

You might be surprised to learn, especially if you are not aware of it, that the hosting panel is not the only place where you can set a password for your website. Another method is by configuring the code in the .htaccess file.

If you have previously set a password through the .htaccess file but have either forgotten about it or it was added through a plugin, it’s essential to check or examine your website’s .htaccess file to determine if it is causing the issue.

Let us see how you can proceed.

If your web hosting provider offers you cPanel accessibility, it will become easy for you to locate WordPress .htaccess files without using an FTP client.

1. To do this, first, you need to login into your cPanel as shown below:

cPanel login page

cPanel login Page

2. Lookout for the Files section and click on the File Manager option as shown.

File Manager in cPanel

File Manager in cPanel

3. Now you will be able to see a list of all the core files displayed on your screen. Select and click on the public_html folder to open.

Public_html folder

Public_html folder

4. Now if you have an existing .htacess file available, it will reflect in the public_html or htdocs folder, if not then either it is hidden or doesn’t exist yet.

htaccess file

.htaccess file

However, if your WordPress .htaccess file is hidden, you can unhide it by simply going to the Settings section located at the top right corner of the “files manager window” as shown in the image below:

Unhide htaccess files

Unhide .htaccess file

A preferences window will pop out as shown in the picture below:

Unhide .htaccess File

Unhide .htaccess File

Now simply, check the ” Show Hidden Files (dotfiles)” box and click on Save. All the hidden files will start reflecting on your file manager window.


Read: 🚩 WordPress .htaccess File: How to Create And Edit it?


Now when you right-click on the .htaccess file and select the edit option, Its content should look similar to this: 

AuthType Basic
AuthName "Permission required"
AuthUserFile ../../.htpasswd
require valid-user

The login credentials for the protection are stored in a file called “.htpasswd.” This file contains the encrypted password and the associated username.

If you no longer require the protection, you can remove the corresponding code from the .htaccess file and save the changes to confirm.

If the above troubleshooting methods don’t work, this means the issue is from the server side.

The “WWW-Authenticate” header is an HTTP response header that is used to indicate the type of authentication required for accessing a resource on a web server. When a server sends a “401 Unauthorized” status code, it includes the “WWW-Authenticate” header to specify the authentication scheme that the client needs to use in order to access the requested resource.

This header provides information to the client about the authentication method that should be used, such as Basic Authentication or Digest Authentication. It typically includes a challenge, which is a value that the client needs to include in subsequent requests to authenticate itself.

To check the “WWW-Authenticate” header, you can follow these steps:

Step 1: Open your web browser and navigate to the desired web page that generates a 401 error code.

Step 2: Right-click anywhere on the page and select “Inspect” or “Inspect Element” from the context menu. This will open the browser’s developer tools.

Step 3: In the developer tools, navigate to the “Network” tab.

Network tab in browser's developers tools

Network Tab

Step 4: Refresh the page by pressing the “F5” key or clicking the refresh button in the browser.

Step 5: Look for the request corresponding to the resource you want to check in the list of network requests. It should have a “401 Unauthorized” status code.

Step 6: Click on the request to view its details.

Step 7: In the headers section, locate the “WWW-Authenticate” header. This header will provide information about the authentication scheme required for accessing the resource.

Authentication scheme Information in header section

Authentication scheme Information in the header section

Step 8: The value of the “WWW-Authenticate” header will indicate the authentication method to be used, such as “Basic”, “Digest”, or others.

You can also refer to HTTP Authentication Scheme Registry for more information about page authentication methods.


Comparison: 401 vs 403 Error

The 401 Error differentiates itself by focusing specifically on the lack of valid authentication credentials. It indicates that the client needs to provide proper authentication to gain access to the resource, while the 400 and 403 errors highlight other issues, such as invalid requests or insufficient permissions.

Here is a comparison table between a 401 error and a 403 error:

Error Code Error Name Meaning or authentication information
401 Unauthorized Indicates the need for authentication.
The client lacks valid credentials
Error Code Error Name Meaning of authentication information.
403 Forbidden Indicates that the client is authenticated, but lacks the necessary permissions to access the requested resource

In summary, a 401 error signifies the need for authentication, while a 403 error indicates that the client is authenticated but lacks the necessary permissions to access the requested resource.


Real-world Examples of 401 Errors

Examples from popular websites or web applications

  • Social media platform: If a user attempts to access a private profile or restricted content without logging in or providing valid credentials, a 401 Error may be returned.
    • Cause: The user attempts to view a private post without logging in or providing valid credentials.
    • Resolution: The platform returns a 401 Error and prompts the user to log in or create an account to gain access to the restricted content.
  • Online banking: When a client tries to access account information or perform financial transactions without proper authentication, a 401 Error can occur.
    • Cause: The user tries to access account details or perform financial transactions without providing the correct authentication credentials.
    • Resolution: The banking system returns a 401 Error and directs the user to enter valid login credentials to access their account securely.

By analyzing real-world examples of 401 Errors, it becomes evident that these errors occur when accessing sensitive or restricted resources, emphasizing the importance of proper authentication and authorization.


Conclusion

A “401 Error” is triggered when the client lacks or is unable to provide valid authentication credentials to access a password-protected resource. Additionally, you may have noticed that this error is primarily caused by the client side, making it easily fixable. However, it can also be triggered from the server side, although this is rare.

So, in this post, we have compiled some of the best 7 troubleshooting methods that you can try to fix 401 errors.

  • Ensure the URL is correct
  • Check Authentic credentials
  • Clear your browser cache and cookies
  • Flush Your DNS cache
  • Disable WordPress Plugins
  • Check out your website’s .htaccess file
  • Check the WWW-Authenticate header

We hope the methods mentioned above will help you fix the 401 error and resolve your issues. If you have any queries or would like to suggest any additional methods, please let us know in the comment section below.


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Frequently Asked Questions

How do I fix a 401 error?

You can fix a 401 error by following these methods:
1. Ensure the URL is correct
2. Check Authentic credentials
3. Clear your browser cache and cookies
4. Flush Your DNS cache
5. Disable WordPress Plugins
6. Check out your website’s .htaccess file
7. Check the WWW-Authenticate header

What is the reason for 401 unauthorized error?

The reason for the 401 unauthorized error are:
1. Missing or invalid credentials
2. Unauthorized access attempt
3. Revoked or Expired tokens
4. Corrupt or outdated Browser cache and cookies
5. Incorrect or Outdated URL
6. Plugin conflicts

What is an example of a 401 error?

An example of a 401 error is If a user attempts to access a private profile or restricted content on a social media platform without logging in or providing valid credentials, a 401 Error may be returned.


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