No such file or directory python ошибка - Решение и исправление самых разных ошибок на TopOshibok.ru

Understanding absolute and relative paths

The term path means exactly what it sounds like. It shows the steps that need to be taken, into and out of folders, to find a file. Each step on the path is either a folder name, the special name . (which means the current folder), or the special name .. (which means to go back/out into the parent folder).

The terms absolute and relative also have their usual English meaning. A relative path shows where something is relative to some start point; an absolute path is a location starting from the top.

Paths that start with a path separator, or a drive letter followed by a path separator (like C:/foo) on Windows, are absolute. (On Windows there are also UNC paths, which are necessarily absolute. Most people will never have to worry about these.)

Paths that directly start with a file or folder name, or a drive letter followed directly by the file or folder name (like C:foo) on Windows, are relative.

Understanding the «current working directory»

Relative paths are «relative to» the so-called current working directory (hereafter abbreviated CWD). At the command line, Linux and Mac use a common CWD across all drives. (The entire file system has a common «root», and may include multiple physical storage devices.) Windows is a bit different: it remembers the most recent CWD for each drive, and has separate functionality to switch between drives, restoring those old CWD values.

Each process (this includes terminal/command windows) has its own CWD. When a program is started from the command line, it will get the CWD that the terminal/command process was using. When a program is started from a GUI (by double-clicking a script, or dragging something onto the script, or dragging the script onto a Python executable) or by using an IDE, the CWD might be any number of things depending on the details.

Importantly, the CWD is not necessarily where the script is located.

The script’s CWD can be checked using os.getcwd, and modified using os.chdir. Each IDE has its own rules that control the initial CWD; check the documentation for details.

To set the CWD to the folder that contains the current script, determine that path and then set it:

os.chdir(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

Verifying the actual file name and path

There are many reasons why the path to a file might not match expectations. For example, sometimes people expect C:/foo.txt on Windows to mean «the file named foo.txt on the desktop». This is wrong. That file is actually — normally — at C:/Users/name/Desktop/foo.txt (replacing name with the current user’s username). It could instead be elsewhere, if Windows is configured to put it elsewhere. To find the path to the desktop in a portable way, see How to get Desktop location?.

It’s also common to mis-count ..s in a relative path, or inappropriately repeat a folder name in a path. Take special care when constructing a path programmatically. Finally, keep in mind that .. will have no effect while already in a root directory (/ on Linux or Mac, or a drive root on Windows).

Take even more special care when constructing a path based on user input. If the input is not sanitized, bad things could happen (e.g. allowing the user to unzip a file into a folder where it will overwrite something important, or where the user ought not be allowed to write files).
Another common gotcha is that the special ~ shortcut for the current user’s home directory does not work in an absolute path specified in a Python program. That part of the path must be explicitly converted to the actual path, using os.path.expanduser. See Why am I forced to os.path.expanduser in python? and os.makedirs doesn’t understand «~» in my path.
Keep in mind that os.listdir will give only the file names, not paths. Trying to iterate over a directory listed this way will only work if that directory is the current working directory.
It’s also important to make sure of the actual file name. Windows has an option to hide file name extensions in the GUI. If you see foo.txt in a window, it could be that the file’s actual name is foo.txt.txt, or something else. You can disable this option in your settings. You can also verify the file name using the command line; dir will tell you the truth about what is in the folder. (The Linux/Mac equivalent is ls, of course; but the problem should not arise there in the first place.)
Backslashes in ordinary strings are escape sequences. This causes problems when trying to a backslash as the path separator on Windows. However, using backslashes for this is not necessary, and generally not advisable. See How should I write a Windows path in a Python string literal?.
When trying to create a new file using a file mode like w, the path to the new file still needs to exist — i.e., all the intervening folders. See for example Trying to use open(filename, ‘w’ ) gives IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory if directory doesn’t exist. Also keep in mind that the new file name has to be valid. In particular, it will not work to try to insert a date in MM/DD/YYYY format into the file name, because the /s will be treated as path separators.

Источник

Most Python developers are facing the issue of FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: ‘filename.txt’ in Python when they try to open a file from the disk drive. If you are facing the same problem, then you are in the right spot; keep reading. 🧐

FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No Such File or Directory is a common error that occurs in Python when you try to access a file that does not exist in the specified location. This error can be caused by a variety of factors, including incorrect file paths and permissions issues.

In this article, we will discuss, What is the file? How to open it? What is FileNotFoundError? When does the No such file or directory error occur? Reasons for No such file or directory error And how to fix it, so let’s get right into the topic without further delay.

How to Open a File in Python?
What is the FileNotFoundError in Python?
When Does The “FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No Such File or Directory” Error Occur?
Reasons for the “FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No Such File or Directory” Error in Python
How to Fix the “FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No Such File or Directory” Error in Python?

How to Open a File in Python?

Python provides essential methods necessary to manage files by default. We can do most of the file manipulation using a file object. Before we read or write a file, we have to open it. We use Python’s built-in function open() to open a file. This function creates a file object, which supports many other methods, such as tell, seek, read so on.

Syntax

file object = open(file_name [, access_mode][, buffering])

Access mode and buffering are optional in this syntax, but writing the correct file name is mandatory.

What is the FileNotFoundError in Python?

The FileNotFoundError exception raises during file handling. When you try to access a file or directory which doesn’t exist, it will cause a FileNotFoundError exception.

For example, if we write:

Code

myfile = open ("filename.txt", 'r')

Output

The above code will cause the following error message:

If you want to handle this exception properly, write file-handling statements in the try command.

Suppose you have a doubt your code may raise an error during execution. If you want to avoid an unexpected ending of the program, then you can catch that error by keeping that part of the code inside a try command.

For example, in this code, we see how to handle FileNotFoundError.

Code

Try:

     #open a file in read mode

    myfile = open ("filename.txt",'r')

    print (myfile.read())

    myfile.close()




# In case FileNotFoundError occurs this block will execute 

except FileNotFoundError:

    print ("File is not exists, skipping the reading process...")

Output

The compiler executes the code given in the try block, and if the code raises a FileNotFoundError exception, then the code mentioned in the except block will get executed. If there is no error, the “else” block will get executed.

When Does The “FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No Such File or Directory” Error Occur?

When we try to access a file or directory that doesn’t exist, we face the error No such file or directory.

Code

myfile=open("filename.txt")

Output

Reasons for the “FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No Such File or Directory” Error in Python

Here we see some common reasons for no such file or directory error.

Wrong file name
Wrong extension
Wrong case
Wrong path

The following are a few reasons why this error occurs in Python:

Incorrect file path: One of the most common causes of this error is an incorrect file path. Make sure that you are specifying the correct path to the file you are trying to access. You can use the os.path.exists() function to check if the file exists at the specified location.
File permissions: Another common cause of this error is file permissions. If you do not have permission to access the file, you will get this error. To fix this, you can try changing the file permissions using the chmod command.
File encoding: If you are trying to read a file that has a different encoding than what you are expecting, you may get this error. To fix this, you can use the codecs module to specify the correct encoding when you open the file.
File name case sensitivity: Some operating systems, such as Windows, are not case sensitive when it comes to file names, while others, such as Linux and macOS, are. If you are getting this error on a case-sensitive operating system, it could be because the file name you are specifying does not match the actual file name in the correct case. To fix this, make sure that you are specifying the file name in the correct case.
Check for typos: It’s always a good idea to double-check your file path for typos. Even a small typo can cause this error, so ensure you have typed the file path correctly.
Check for hidden files: Some operating systems hide certain files by default. If you try accessing a hidden file, you may get this error. To fix this, you can try accessing the file by specifying the full path, including the "." at the beginning of the file name, which indicates a hidden file.

As Python programmers, we have to take care of these common mistakes. Always double-check the file’s name, extension, case, and location.

We can write file paths in two ways absolute or relative.

In Absolute file paths, we tell the complete path from the root to the file name, for example, C:/mydir/myfile.txt.

In relative file paths, we tell the path from the perspective of our current working directory; for example, if our required file is in the current working directory, we have to write “myfile.txt”.

We can check our current working directory with the help of the following code:

Code

import os

current_working_directory = os.getcwd()

print(current_working_directory)

Output

C:\Users\expert\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310

If we want to open a file by just writing its name, we must place it in this directory. Before we move forward to another example of a solution, we have to know about the os built-in module of Python.

The python os module provides several methods that help you perform file-processing operations, such as renaming and deleting files. To utilize this module, you must import it first, and then you can call any related methods.

Now let’s see another example: open a data file and read it.

Code

import os

# store raw string

filepath= r"e:\try.txt"

# Check whether a file exists or not

if os.path.exists(filepath)== True:

    print("file exists")

    #open the file and assign it to file object

    fileobj=open(filepath)

    #print data file on screen

    print(fileobj.read())

#else part will be executed if the file doesn't exist

else:

    print("file doesnt exists")

Output

file exists

This is my data file.

Conclusion

In conclusion, FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No Such File or Directory is a common error that occurs in Python when you try to access a file that does not exist in the specified location.

This article shows how to fix 🛠️ the “FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No Such File or Directory” error in Python. We discuss all the reasons and their solutions.

We also discuss two essential sources that provide a wide range of utility methods to handle and manipulate files and directories on the Windows operating system.

File object methods
OS object methods

Finally, with the help of this article, you get rid of no such file or directory error.

How can we check our current working directory of Python? Kindly share your current working directory path in the comments below 👇.

Источник

I have just started to learn Python and I watched this video tutorial —
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rioXu6EBN0s

when I attempted to create my own .hmtl file using the method in the video I got this error —

FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory:

this is what I have entered into Visual Studio-

my_variable = "<html><body><p>This is a paragraph.</p><p>This is another paragraph.</p></body></html>"

my_html_file = open("C:\Users\Liam\Documents\Coding\My Files\Python\My Tests/my_html_file.html" "w")

my_html_file.write(my_variable)

I have tried changing to

/Users/Liam.Documents/Coding/My Files/Python/My Tests/
/my_html_file.html

but it hasn’t worked, any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

liam

asked Nov 3, 2017 at 7:44

Whenever you need to debug, you need to change the path of the file to open it in debug mode by simply:

Going to the explorer
Right click on the file and click on copy relative path
Put that path in open

Also I saw that you put this in your code:

my_html_file = open("C:\Users\Liam\Documents\Coding\My Files\Python\My Tests/my_html_file.html" "w")

You’re missing a coma before the w, it should be like this:

my_html_file = open("C:\Users\Liam\Documents\Coding\My Files\Python\My Tests/my_html_file.html","w")

edit: Lol, now I saw that someone else answer your question by replying, anyway, that should help others too! at least…

answered Aug 17, 2020 at 2:34

The reason for this is that you are missing a comma between the filename and the mode that you are using to open the file. Due to this, the interpreter is trying to read the file, which will lead to an error if the file you are requesting does not exist.

answered Aug 17, 2020 at 2:54

Источник

The error FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory means that Python can’t find the file or directory you are trying to access.

This error can come from calling the open() function or the os module functions that deal with files and directories.

To fix this error, you need to specify the correct path to an existing file.

Let’s see real-world examples that trigger this error and how to fix them.

Error from open() function

Suppose you use Python to open and read a file named output.txt as follows:

with open('output.txt', 'r') as f:
    data = f.read()

Python will look for the output.txt file in the current directory where the code is executed.

If not found, then Python responds with the following error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File ...
    with open('output.txt', 'r') as f:
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'output.txt'

If the file exists but in a different directory, then you need to specify the correct path to that file.

Maybe the output.txt file exists in a subdirectory like this:

.
├── logs
│   └── output.txt
└── script.py

To access the file, you need to specify the directory as follows:

with open('logs/output.txt', 'r') as f:
    data = f.read()

This way, Python will look for the output.txt file inside the logs folder.

Sometimes, you might also have a file located in a sibling directory of the script location as follows:

.
├── code
│   └── script.py
└── logs
    └── output.txt

In this case, the script.py file is located inside the code folder, and the output.txt file is located inside the logs folder.

To access output.txt, you need to go up one level from as follows:

with open('../logs/output.txt', 'r') as f:
    data = f.read()

The path ../ tells Python to go up one level from the working directory (where the script is executed)

This way, Python will be able to access the logs directory, which is a sibling of the code directory.

Alternatively, you can also specify the absolute path to the file instead of a relative path.

The absolute path shows the full path to your file from the root directory of your system. It should look something like this:

# Windows absolute path
C:\Users\sebhastian\documents\logs

# Mac or Linux
/home/user/sebhastian/documents/logs

Pass the absolute path and the file name as an argument to your open() function:

with open('C:\Users\sebhastian\documents\logs\output.txt', 'r') as f:
    data = f.read()

You can add a try/except statement to let Python create the file when it doesn’t exist.

try:
    with open('output.txt', 'r') as f:
        data = f.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("The file output.txt is not found")
    print("Creating a new file")
    open('output.txt', 'w') as f:
        f.write("Hello World!")

The code above will try to open and read the output.txt file.

When the file is not found, it will create a new file with the same name and write some strings into it.

Also, make sure that the filename or the path is not misspelled or mistyped, as this is a common cause of this error as well.

Error from os.listdir() function

You can also have this error when using a function from the os module that deals with files and directories.

For example, the os.listdir() is used to get a list of all the files and directories in a given directory.

It takes one argument, which is the path of the directory you want to scan:

import os

files = os.listdir("assets")
print(files)

The above code tries to access the assets directory and retrieve the names of all files and directories in that directory.

If the assets directory doesn’t exist, Python responds with an error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File ...
    files = os.listdir("assets")
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'assets'

The solution for this error is the same. You need to specify the correct path to an existing directory.

If the directory exists on your system but empty, then Python won’t raise this error. It will return an empty list instead.

Also, make sure that your Python interpreter has the necessary permission to open the file. Otherwise, you will see a PermissionError message.

Conclusion

Python shows the FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory message when it can’t find the file or directory you specified.

To solve this error, make sure you the file exists and the path is correct.

Alternatively, you can also use the try/except block to let Python handle the error without stopping the code execution.

Источник

Filenotfounderror Errno 2 no such file or directory is a python error always comes when you are not defining proper path for the file or file does not exist in the directory. In this entire tutorial, you will know how to solve Filenotfounderror Errno 2 no such file or directory in an easy way in different scenarios.

Before going to the various scenarios let’s create a sample CSV file using the panda’s library. The file will contain the name and age of the person. Execute the below line of code to create a person.csv file. It is only for demonstration purposes. You can move to cases if you are already getting the problem.

import pandas as pd
data = {"name":["Sahil","Rob","Maya"],"age":[23,67,45]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
df.to_csv("person.csv")

It will save the person.csv file to the current working directory of the project.

Case 1: File Name is Incorrect

If you are reading the CSV file with the incorrect name then you will get this Filenotfounderror Errno 2 with no such file or directory error. For example, instead of reading the person.csv filename, I am reading persons.csv. Then you will get this filenotfounderror.

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv("persons.csv")
print(df)

FileNotfounderror on reading the wrong filename

Solution

Check the name of the file and write the correct filename with its type.

Case 2: Using the OS Library

Filenotfounderror Errno 2 no such file or directory error also comes when you are using the OS Python library and defining the wrong path. For example, I am passing the wrong path for filename “persons.csv”. It will give me an error.

Solution

Check the path of the working directory and then define the path.

Case 3: Passing the wrong file name or path for the open() method

The third case is when this error comes when you are reading the file using the open() method and passing the wrong filename.

import csv
with open('persons.csv','r') as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f)
    for row in reader:
        print(row)

FileNotfounderrro on reading the wrong filename using the open() method

Solution :

The solution to this problem, in this case, is very simple. Check the filename of the file you want to open and then pass the exact path for the filename for that file. To know the current working directory you have to use the os.getcwd(). The error will be solved.

['', 'name', 'age']
['0', 'Sahil', '23']
['1', 'Rob', '67']
['2', 'Maya', '45']

Case 4: Wrong Directory

In most of the cases, Filenotfounderror no such file or directory error comes when you are defining the wrong path for the filename.

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv("/foo/persons.csv")
print(df)

FileNotfounderrro python error due to wrong file path

Solution

The solution of this case is that if have forgotten the path for the filename then you have to use the OS library. There is a method for finding the path and it is os.getcwd() and then use it with the filename. Execute the following lines of code.

import pandas as pd
import os
cwd = os.getcwd()
df = pd.read_csv(f'{cwd}/person.csv')
print(df)

Now you will get the output.

Solution for FileNotFoundError using the OS Package

Conclusion

This type of error is mostly annoying to every programmer. They often get this error. These are the cases for various scenarios where its solution is very simple. I hope you have liked this tutorial. If you have any queries then you can contact us for more help.

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Источник

Understanding absolute and relative paths

Understanding the «current working directory»

Verifying the actual file name and path

Table of Contents

How to Open a File in Python?

What is the FileNotFoundError in Python?

When Does The “FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No Such File or Directory” Error Occur?

Reasons for the “FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No Such File or Directory” Error in Python

Conclusion

Error from open() function

Error from os.listdir() function

Conclusion

Case 1: File Name is Incorrect

Case 2: Using the OS Library

Case 3: Passing the wrong file name or path for the open() method

Case 4: Wrong Directory

Conclusion

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