Nginx ubuntu ошибка 500

When running a web server powered by NGINX, you may encounter some errors. One such error is “NGINX 500 Internal Server Error”. This error indicates that something went wrong on the server side, preventing it from processing requests.

This error can be a headache for developers, especially in the production environment, as they break the functionality of the entire website. However, it is possible to make your server work again after identifying the causes of this error and fixing it. So, in this article, we will explore common causes of NGINX 500 Internal Server Error and provide you with potential fixes to resolve the issue.

What is the NGINX 500 internal server error?

NGINX 500 Internal Server Error is a generic HTTP status code implying an internal problem within the server. Unlike error codes that pinpoint the problem, such as Error 404 for “Not Found” or 403 for “Forbidden”, the 500 error does not reveal the exact cause of the problem.

NGINX is multipurpose software. Both reverse proxy server, load balancer or web server can cause such error. When you encounter a 500 Internal Server Error, it indicates that the NGINX server encountered an error while trying to perform its tasks.

Possible causes for the NGINX 500 internal server error

As mentioned above, this error indicates a general problem with your server that has not been detailed. However, there are some possible causes to consider that might trigger the error. Some possible causes of the NGINX 500 Internal Server Error include:

Misconfigured Server Settings

One of the primary causes of the Nginx 500 Internal Server Error is misconfigured server settings. These settings control the server’s behavior, and incorrect configurations can lead to unexpected errors. Misconfigured server configuration files may contain incompatible directives or incorrect syntax.

Insufficient Server Resources

Another potential cause of the Nginx 500 Internal Server Error is insufficient server resources, such as CPU, RAM or disk space. When these resources are exhausted, the server cannot respond to users’ requests. This causes a “bottleneck” situation. This issue can also be caused by many simultaneous users in your website, or it can be caused by malicious requests sent automatically to harm your website.

Backend Application Errors

The Nginx 500 Internal Server Error can also be a result of errors in the backend application that Nginx is proxying to. In Nginx, proxying refers to the action of forwarding client requests to another server or service. For example, Nginx can receive requests from clients and forward them to a Nodejs backend application. At this point the issue can occur if you didn’t configure the proxy connection between Nodejs and Nginx.

Insufficient File Permissions

Nginx needs the appropriate file permissions to access and serve the requested files. Nginx may not be able to access the required resources and cause a 500 Internal Server Error if you have incorrect permissions. For example, let’s say you are hosting a WordPress site, your public_html folder permissions should be set to allow your php and html files to be served.

Browser Related Problems

This cause is about client-side. You may not be seeing the 500 Internal Server Error message only because of server-related issues. If you are sure that you have configured your server well, you may be getting this error due to the caching mechanism of browsers or the extensions you have installed on your browser.

How to fix NGINX 500 internal server error

We have discussed the problems that can cause 500 Internal Server Errors. Now let’s look at the steps that can be taken to fix these problems.

Fixing Misconfigured Server Settings

• Fix 1 – Check Nginx Error Logs

Start by checking the NGINX error log file, it can provide valuable insights into the specific configuration error. The default location for the error log is usually /var/log/nginx/error.log. So, run the following commands in Linux to access it.

cd /var/log/nginx
cat error.log

This page will show you errors affecting NGINX functionality. For example, in the image below, the error indicates that an SSL/TLS connection was not established between a client and server due to an issue with the SSL certificate.

Of course, that’s just a problem, you may find different kinds of errors in your Nginx log file. In this case, you can find the cause of your problem with a simple google search.

• Fix 2 – Verify the Configuration Syntax

Then, review your Nginx configuration files, paying attention to syntax errors or misplaced directives. Commands like nginx -t or nginx -t -c /path/to/nginx.conf will help you validate the syntax and detect any errors. You can simply run the following commands to navigate to the config files and detect errors.

cd /etc/nginx/sites-available
nginx -t

After running the commands above, you should get an result as show in image below.

However, if you see a syntax error, you must fix it. Once fixed the syntax errors, restart the Nginx server using the command sudo service nginx restart or else nginx -s reload.

Fixing Insufficient Server Resources

• Fix 3 – Monitor System Resources

If you suspect a lack of system resources, you firstly need to check the system’s memory usage, CPU load and disk space availability. You can achieve this using the commands like top , htop and free . Here is an example of using the htop command to see the server’s remaining resources.

Once you identify the problem in sources, you can try to remove unnecessary files, if the resource limitations persist, you should consider upgrading your server hardware or migrating to a higher-performance hosting solution.

Fixing Backend Application Errors

• Fix 4 – Check Backend Application Logs

Inspect the logs of the backend application to identify any errors or exceptions. The logs may be located in different locations depending on the application stack (e.g. /var/www/example.com/logs/error.log for WordPress or pm2 logs if you are using the pm2 package with Nodejs)

• Fix 5 – Check Proxy Configurations

Ensure that the proxy pass configuration in your Nginx server block correctly set up. You can look for the proxy_pass directive and ensure it points to the correct backend server. For example:

location / {
    proxy_pass http://backend_server;
}

If you’re using Nginx as a reverse proxy, issue could be related to the upstream configuration. You can check the file mostly located in the path /etc/nginx/nginx.conf on linux. For example:

upstream backend {
    server backend_server1;
    server backend_server2;
}

backend_server1 and backend_server2 should be replaced with the actual addresses or hostnames of your backend servers and make sure each backend server is running on different ports and these ports ports do not conflict.

After making any changes, restart the Nginx service to apply the modifications using commands sudo service nginx restart or nginx -s reload .

Fixing Insufficient File Permissions

• Fix 6 – Check directory permissions

Check the permissions of the file or directory that Nginx is trying to access. You can use the chmod command to modify the permissions, typically 644 for files and 755 for directories.

• Fix 7 – Confirm ownership

Ensure that the file or directory is owned by the user running the Nginx process. You can check the ownership using the ls -l command, which will display the owner and group. If the ownership is incorrect, you can change it using the chown command. For example:

chown www-data:www-data path/to/file

After making changes in permissions and ownership, you should restart the Nginx using commands sudo service nginx restart or else nginx -s reload .

Fixing Browser Related Problems

• Fix 8 – Clear Browser Cache

Cached files in the browser can sometimes conflict with the server, clearing the browser cache can help resolve this issue. In Google Chrome, you can remove cached files as in shown image below.

• Fix 9 – Disable Browser Extensions

Some browser extensions, especially vpn related extensions, can block communication between the browser and the server. So, you can try disabling all extensions and then reload the webpage to see if the error persists. You can find your extensions on Google Chrome as shown below:

FAQ

Are there other less common causes for the NGINX 500 Internal Server Error?

Yes. Various factors can cause the NGINX 500 Internal Server Error. So troubleshooting the exact cause requires analyzing server logs and configuration settings. However, some common causes of the NGINX 500 server error include, i.e.:

1. PHP configuration issues: If you’re using PHP with NGINX, misconfigurations in the PHP settings, such as incorrect file permissions, memory limits, or incompatible modules, can trigger a 500 error. Checking the PHP error logs and ensuring the PHP configuration aligns with the server requirements can help resolve such issues.
2. Incorrect NGINX configuration: Errors in the NGINX configuration files, such as syntax errors or conflicting directives, can lead to a 500 server error. Verifying the NGINX configuration files and ensuring they are correctly written and properly structured is essential to resolve these issues.
3. Insufficient file or directory permissions: NGINX may encounter a 500 error if it lacks proper permissions to access required files or directories. Ensuring that the NGINX user (usually “www-data” or “nginx”) has appropriate read, write, and execute permissions on the necessary files and directories can resolve such issues.
4. Faulty upstream server: If NGINX is configured to proxy requests to an upstream server (e.g., a backend application or another web server), a 500 error may occur if the upstream server is experiencing issues. Checking the logs and health of the upstream server can help identify and address any problems.
5. Resource limitations: Insufficient server resources such as CPU, memory, or disk space can cause NGINX to encounter a 500 error. Monitoring the server’s resource usage and ensuring it has adequate resources available can help prevent such errors.

It’s important to note that the 500 Internal Server Error is a generic error indicating that something went wrong on the server side, and the specific cause may vary depending on the server configuration and setup. Analyzing the NGINX error logs and consulting with server administrators or web developers can help diagnose and resolve the issue effectively.

Is NGINX a reliable web server? Or is this error frequent?

Yes, NGINX is widely regarded as a reliable and high-performance web server. It has gained popularity for its ability to handle high levels of concurrent connections and efficiently serve static and dynamic content. NGINX is known for its lightweight architecture, scalability, and robustness, making it a popular choice for websites and web applications of all sizes.

Here are some reasons why NGINX is considered a reliable web server:

NGINX is designed to handle a large number of concurrent connections and deliver content quickly. It uses an asynchronous, event-driven architecture that optimizes resource utilization and provides high-performance delivery of web content.

NGINX is highly scalable and can handle a significant amount of traffic. It efficiently distributes incoming requests across multiple worker processes or threads, enabling it to handle heavy workloads and spikes in traffic without sacrificing performance.

Stability

NGINX is known for its stability and resilience. It has a small memory footprint, efficient memory management, and effective handling of connections, which contributes to its stability under high loads. NGINX’s modular architecture also allows for easy customization and configuration to meet specific requirements.

NGINX has a reputation for reliability and uptime. It has built-in features for load balancing, fault tolerance, and high availability, which help ensure continuous service even in the event of server failures or network issues.

NGINX has a large and active community of users and developers, which provides extensive support, documentation, and resources. The NGINX community actively contributes to the development and improvement of the web server, making it reliable and well-maintained.

While no web server is entirely immune to issues or vulnerabilities like the error 500, NGINX has proven to be a dependable choice for hosting websites and serving web content due to its performance, scalability, stability, and strong community support.

Conclusion

Nginx 500 Internal Server Error indicates that there are some problems with your server. In this article, we have discussed the possible causes of these problems, how to detect them and the steps needed to fix them. Remember, such errors prevent access to your website, so you should test your application step by step both while developing and publishing it to avoid such errors in production.

Thank you for reading.

При разработке веб-сайтов и веб-приложений можно столкнуться с ошибкой 500 internal server error. Сначала она может испугать и ввести в заблуждение, поскольку обычно веб-сервер выдает более конкретные ошибки, в которых указана точная причина проблемы, например, превышено время ожидания, неверный запрос или файл не найден, а тут просто сказано что, обнаружена внутренняя ошибка.

Но не все так страшно и в большинстве случаев проблема вполне решаема и очень быстро. В этой статье мы разберем как исправить ошибку Internal server error в Nginx.

Дословно Internal server error означает внутренняя ошибка сервера. И вызвать её могут несколько проблем. Вот основные из них:

• Ошибки в скрипте на PHP — одна из самых частых причин;
• Превышено время выполнения PHP скрипта или лимит памяти;
• Неправильные права на файлы сайта;
• Неверная конфигурация Nginx.

А теперь рассмотрим каждую из причин более подробно и разберем варианты решения.

1. Ошибка в скрипте PHP

Мы привыкли к тому, что если в PHP скрипте есть ошибки, то сразу же видим их в браузере. Однако на производственных серверах отображение сообщений об ошибках в PHP отключено, чтобы предотвратить распространение информации о конфигурации сервера для посторонних. Nginx не может отобразить реальную причину ошибки, потому что не знает что за ошибка произошла, а поэтому выдает универсальное сообщение 500 internal server error.

Чтобы исправить эту ошибку, нужно сначала понять где именно проблема. Вы можете включить отображение ошибок в конфигурационном файле php изменив значение строки display_errors с off на on. Рассмотрим на примере Ubuntu и PHP 7.2:

vi /etc/php/7.2/php.ini

display_errors = On

Перезапустите php-fpm:

sudo systemctl restart php-fpm

Затем обновите страницу и вы увидите сообщение об ошибке, из-за которого возникла проблема. Далее его можно исправить и отключить отображение ошибок, тогда все будет работать. Ещё можно посмотреть сообщения об ошибках PHP в логе ошибок Nginx. Обычно он находится по пути /var/log/nginx/error.log, но для виртуальных доменов может настраиваться отдельно. Например, смотрим последние 100 строк в логе:

tail -n 100 -f /var/log/nginx/error.log

Теперь аналогично, исправьте ошибку и страница будет загружаться нормально, без ошибки 500.

2. Превышено время выполнения или лимит памяти

Это продолжение предыдущего пункта, так тоже относится к ошибкам PHP, но так, как проблема встречается довольно часто я решил вынести её в отдельный пункт. В файле php.ini установлены ограничения на время выполнения скрипта и количество оперативной памяти, которую он может потребить. Если скрипт потребляет больше, интерпретатор PHP его убивает и возвращает сообщение об ошибке.

Также подобная ошибка может возникать, если на сервере закончилась свободная оперативная память.

Если же отображение ошибок отключено, мы получаем error 500. Обратите внимание, что если время ожидания было ограничено в конфигурационном файле Nginx, то вы получите ошибку 504, а не HTTP ERROR 500, так что проблема именно в php.ini.

Чтобы решить проблему увеличьте значения параметров max_execution_time и memory_limit в php.ini:

sudo vi /etc/php/7.2/php.ini

max_execution_time 300
memory_limit 512M

Также проблема может быть вызвана превышением других лимитов установленных для скрипта php. Смотрите ошибки php, как описано в первом пункте. После внесения изменений в файл перезапустите php-fpm:

sudo systemctl restart php-fpm

3. Неверные права на файлы

Такая ошибка может возникать, если права на файлы, к которым обращается Nginx установлены на правильно. Сервисы Nginx и php-fpm должны быть запущены от имени одного и того же пользователя, а все файлы сайтов должны принадлежать этому же пользователю. Посмотреть от имени какого пользователя запущен Nginx можно командой:

nginx -T | grep user

Чтобы узнать от какого пользователя запущен php-fpm посмотрите содержимое конфигурационного файла используемого пула, например www.conf:

sudo vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

В моем случае это пользователь nginx. Теперь надо убедится, что файлы сайта, к которым вы пытаетесь обратиться принадлежат именно этому пользователю. Для этого используйте команду namei:

namei -l /var/www/site

Файлы сайта должны принадлежать пользователю, от имени которого запущены сервисы, а по пути к каталогу с файлами должен быть доступ на чтение для всех пользователей. Если файлы принадлежат не тому пользователю, то вы можете все очень просто исправить:

sudo chown nginx:nginx -R /var/www/site

Этой командой мы меняем владельца и группу всех файлов в папке на nginx:nginx. Добавить права на чтение для всех пользователей для каталога можно командой chmod. Например:

sudo chmod o+r /var/www/

Далее все должно работать. Также, проблемы с правами может вызывать SELinux. Настройте его правильно или отключите:

setenforce 0

Выводы

В этой статье мы разобрали что делать если на вашем сайте встретилась ошибка 500 internal server error nginx. Как видите проблема вполне решаема и в большинстве случаев вам помогут действия описанные в статье. А если не помогут, напишите свое решение в комментариях!

Обнаружили ошибку в тексте? Сообщите мне об этом. Выделите текст с ошибкой и нажмите Ctrl+Enter.

Sometimes NGINX server may give 500 Internal Server Error due to various reasons. In this article we will look at what does 500 Internal Server Error mean in NGINX and how to fix 500 Internal Server Error in NGINX.

NGINX gives 500 Internal Server Error when there is a server-side error that prevents NGINX from returning a proper response. It can be due to many different reasons such as faulty script, missing files referenced by code, inadequate file permissions, etc. NGINX is typically used as a reverse proxy server, so the most common reason for 500 Internal server is an error in one of its web servers like Apache that has encountered an issue and returned a 500 error response to NGINX, which is then returned to client browsers. There are various ways to fix internal server error in NGINX.

Bonus Read : How To Fix 504 Gateway Timeout Error in NGINX

How to Fix 500 Internal Server Error in NGINX

Here are the steps to fix 500 Internal Server Error in NGINX on localhost, CPanel, PHP, Ubuntu and other platforms.

1. Hard Refresh

Sometimes you may get 500 internal server error in NGINX because your server is being restarted at that moment, or there are too many requests for web server to handle.

So it doesn’t have enough resources to serve your request.

In such cases, you can simply do a hard refresh of your page to force the browser to get latest web page version and fix 500 internal server error in NGINX. You can do this by pressing

• Windows: Ctrl + F5
• Mac: Apple + R or Cmd + R
• Linux: F5

Bonus Read : How to Fix 502 Bad Gateway Error in NGINX

2. Examine Server Logs

Open your server log in a text editor to analyze the most recent requests. Every server log contains information about requested URLs and response code for each request.

Find out which requests result in 500 internal server error. It may be that only one page, or a few pages give this error while others work fine.

Find out which requests cause 500 internal server error. Once you have identified the problematic URLs, open a browser and request them again to confirm that is indeed the case.

Bonus Read : How to Increase Request Timeout in NGINX

3. Examine Your Script

Next, analyze the script to process the problematic requests. Is it actually present at the right location? Are you referencing it properly, in your URL mapping/routing file?

If your script refers to another file, find out if that file path is correct. If you have referenced any program/function, have you called it correctly?

4. Check File/Folder Permission

This can also be due to improper file/folder permissions. Did you add/modify any file/folder recently?

Typically, files need a 644 permission and folders need a 755 permission. You can use FileZilla (Windows) and Chmod (Linux) to modify file permissions.

You can also look at the permissions of other files & folders in your code and update the same for your files/folders accordingly.

Bonus Read : How to Increase File Upload Size in NGINX

5. Check redirections

If you have incorrectly setup any redirections in web server, it can give 500 internal server error. For example, if you use Apache web server, make sure you have properly configured mod_rewrite module and .htaccess file.

Also use a third-party tool to check the syntax of redirection/URL rewrite rules in your server configuration file.

6. Increase Script Timeout

You may also get 500 internal server error in NGINX if your web server (e.g Apache) is timing out on the request. In such cases, increase your web server (not NGINX) timeout value so that it stays connected to NGINX longer, and returns a proper response.

Hopefully, the above tips will help you fix 500 internal server error in NGINX.

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Are you getting internal server error 500 in NGINX? If your answer is YES then look no further as we have got you covered.

A lot of users took to social media platforms and complained that they are encountering the internal server error 500 in NGINX while accessing a website.

You must be thinking that this error is happening due to your internet connection or some other issues in your device.

Unfortunately, this error is nothing to do with your device or your internet connection. There are multiple reasons that could cause the internal server error 500 in NGINX and of them is a server outage.

In this guide, we will not only teach you how to fix the NGINX internal server error 500 but also explain all possible reasons that could lead you to this frustrating error.

Without any further ado, let’s get started:

What is a 500 Internal Server Error in NGINX?

NGINX is open-source software that is widely used for web serving, reverse proxying, caching, load balancing, media streaming, and more.

But because of the issue in the background servers, people are getting the 500 Internal Server Errors in NGINX.

This error occurs due to many reasons such as faulty script, missing files, improper file permissions, etc.

Irrespective of what reason cause this NGINX error, we have mentioned a bunch of ways that can be used to fix it.

To make your work easier, we have got you a bunch of ways that can be used to resolve the internal server error 500.

To know what those methods are and how they work, you need to keep on reading:

1. Hard Refresh

Sometimes, users encounter the 500 Internal Server Errors in NGINX because they attempt to access the website or web service the moment it is restarted.

Another reason for getting this error is that there are too many requests on the server and it does not have enough resources to handle them.

In that case, you need to hard refresh the web page to fix the 500 Internal Server Errors in NGINX.

To do so, press the following keys on your keyboard,

• Windows: Ctrl + F5
• Mac: Apple + R or Cmd + R
• Linux: F5

2. Examine Server Logs

If hard refresh does not for you then you should try to Examine the Server Logs.

For the unversed, the server stores information about requested URLs and response codes for each request in the Server Logs.

To find out which request results in 500 Internal Server Errors in NGINX, you need to open the server log.

In the logs, you need to find out which request actually caused the 500 Internal Server Errors in NGINX.

Once you find out the request that causes the problem, you have to request them again in the browser.

3. Check File/Folder Permission

You must be getting the 500 Internal Server Errors in NGINX because of improper file or folder permissions.

To fix this issue, you need to check the permission of your files and folders.

Generally, files need 644 permission, and folders need 755 permission to run properly.

If you find any file or folder that has permissions other than these then you need to change it.

FileZilla command in Windows and chmod command in Linux to modify file permissions.

4. Increase Script Timeout

500 internal server error in NGINX could also occur because your web server is timing out on the request.

In such a case, you need to increase the time-out value of your webserver to resolve this error.

That’s all you need to know about how to fix the NGINX internal server error 500.