Debian ошибка при установке grub

Ошибки возникающие в процессе установки операционной системы специального назначения Astra Linux Special Edition РУСБ.10015-01 (очередное обновление 1.5) и Astra Linux Common Edition:

Не удалось выполнить команду "grub-install dummy". Это неисправимая ошибка.

Установка происходит в UEFI режиме, но таблица диска MBR.

Использовать «Boot menu» для выбора загрузки в режиме Legacy или изменить режим для носителя в BIOS.

Если установка продолжена без установки загрузчика

Загрузиться с носителя в режиме восстановления;
Запустить оболочку в разделе установки системы;
Выбрать устройство используемое в качестве корневой файловой системы;
Провести запуск оболочки в /dev/sd* ;
Перейти в tty (на пример Alt-Ctrl-F2) и выполните chroot /target (Выбранная корневая файловая система смонтирована в каталог /target.)
Запустить пакетный менеджер (например aptitude);
Убедиться, какой пакет grub установлен: grub-pc (Legacy), grub-efi-amd64 (EFI);
Заменить пакет grub на подходящий при необходимости;
Проведите установку загрузчика на устройство, например grub-install /dev/sd* и выполните обновление списка систем: update-grub.

Установка GRUB’a PCI-e SSD

NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) это спецификация для доступа к дискам через PCI Express, специально разработанная для энергонезависимой памяти. Способ именования NVMe-SSD отличается от SATA-дисков. Первый NVMe-SSD имеет имя /dev/nvme0n1, а не /dev/sda. Здесь n после nvme0 означает пространство имён (namespace). Первый раздел на таких дисках имеет имя /dev/nvme0n1p1 вместо /dev/sda1.

После возникновения ошибки установки загрузчика, перейти в терминал (CTRL+ALT+F2) выполнить:

chroot /target

Установить grub-efi:

apt-get install grub-efi

Затем установить grub на ssd:

grub-install /dev/nvme0n1

где nvme0n1 — PCI-e SSD диск 

Hi Gang,

Although I also worked at Sun Microsystems as Ian Murdock (the founder of Debian Project) did, I worked mostly with windoze systems afterward. But now, like for so many other windoze users, I can’t go beyond W7.

After doing some research, I decided to opt for Debian, mainly because it is said to be stable and with lots of options in terms of packages (apps). I sure will be with both W7 and Debian in a dual boot system for the time being during this transition phase. And, hopefully, I will be able to install my W7 within a VirtualBox on top of Debian sometime later on, to minimize the threats from outside.

I fear I’ll have a very steep learning curve ahead, though. But I love these kind challenges and, despite not being any tropical cool breeze, I’d rather face it than the dreadful M$ W10 and its descendants.

Going to the point:

My current system is a 64 bit W7 Pro OS, i3-4170 CPU @3.70 GHz, 16 GB RAM, and with the latest updates possible as of now (Jan 2020).

The original primary HD was a WD 500 GB, which I replaced by a 1.5 TB to make sure I have room enough for both OSs. A second NTFS formatted 4 TB data HD is installed with all my personal data, including Dropbox folder in auto sync setting. UEFI with BIOS legacy compatibility is setup in the UEFI-BIOS settings.

Before anything else I run a chkdsk /f (just to be sure W7 is in good shape), made a W7 Repair Disk CD, and the last thing before starting the Buster install I made an WindowsImageBackup, just in case, which was saved in the D: 4 TB data drive.

I started the install process using the latest debian-10.2.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso from a USB stick done with the latest rufus-3.8, and followed the recommendations set on the «Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide-January 12, 2020».

By pressing F12 I get the menu where, among other options, I have the same USB stick listed twice: one regular and another one starting with UEFI. I chose the latter, as is the settings in my UEFI-BIOS setup, and I do not want to lose access to my 4 TB data HD.

As per the Installation Guide above (3.6.3 — Systems with UEFI firmware), I have never configured «secured boot», so no need to worry about disabling it.

The 1.5 TB HD has already the following W7 partitions:

#1 System Reserved 217 MB NTFS (System, Active, Primary partition)
#2 W7Pro 287.83 GB NTFS (Boot, Crashing dump, Primary partition)

Swap partition was set on the 2nd 4 TB data drive:

#3 partition of SCSI2 (0,0,0) (sdb) as swap

All others on 1st (sda) Logical 128 GB as ext4 each but:

• #3 Primary 128 MB as ext2 for /boot
  #5 Logical 256 MB as ESP for /boot/efi
  #7 Logical 128 GB as xfs for /home

On the step Install the GRUB boot loader on a hard disk I got: Unable to install GRUB in dummy. Executing ‘GRUB-install dummy’ failed. This is a fatal error.

Next screen advises to boot manually with the /vmlinuz kernel on partition /dev sda6 and root=/dev/sda6 passed as a kernel argument.

But sda6 is my logical 128 GB / (root) ext4…

I was able to finish the install process, though, and upon exiting it, taken to the GRUB prompt:

grub> ls
(proc) (hd0) (hd0,msdos13) (hd0,msdos12) (hd0,msdos11) (hd0,msdos10) (hd0,msdos9) (hd0,msdos8) (hd0,msdos7) (hd0,msdos6) (hd0,msdos5) (hd0,msdos3) (hd0,msdos2) (hd0,msdos1) (hd1,gpt3) (hd1,gpt2) (hd1,gpt1) (hd2)

I know (hd0,msdos3) is my /boot partition. Following a hint I found here: https://forums.kali.org/showthread.php? … Windows-10 (didn’t find anything similar anywhere else including Debian forums):

If you are in grub rescue mode, then run these commands to reconfigure grub:

Code: Select all

set root=(hd0,msdos3)
set prefix=(hd0,msdos3)/boot/grub
insmod normal
normal

Which I did, but no output seen. And never had a chance to open a terminal and type grub-install/dev/sda, as advised above…

Nothing else could be done, so I hit Ctrl-Alt-Delete. And the only thing I got was a blank dark screen saying «Reboot and Select proper Boot device or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device and press a key_» if trying to boot Debian… No W7 option to boot to, nothing at all…

So I inserted my W7 Repair Disk on the P4 Atapi driver to fix/recover the Windows Start Process and… Voila!… I was presented with the Windows Boot Manager to choose Windows 7 or Debian GNU/Linux-continue with install process.

At this point I booted Windows and I’m back to business as usual for the time being.

My questions are:

1. what I did wrong?

2. What am I missing?

3. Should I forget about UEFI / Grub install?

4. Forget my 4 TB data disk where swap partition is set up?

Your help on this very much appreciated.

Thank you so much for any advice and support to address this issue.

Please, feel free to ask me any additional information.

Solve while still in the installer

I was able to solve this issue while installing Debian Stretch via USB stick on a Dell Precision 5820 with drive encryption. I was not dual booting Windows, but I believe the solution would work if I was. I had already disabled secure boot. I was getting the same error about installing grub in dummy while installing, but I did not exit the installer.

I believe the issue, was where /boot and /boot/efi were mounted. I solved the problem during the install by going back to the partitioning step and changing my partition table with manual partitioning.

First setup boot partitions unencrypted:

• EFI System Partition (ESP) with /boot/efi mounted — This is required for UEFI boot systems
• biosgrub partition, or Reserved BIOS boot area — This becomes space for the bootloader files. You will not be able to make this partition «bootable» because the ESP is bootable.

It is imperative that these be unencrypted, and it is recommended that they are at the beginning of the disk or available free space with other partitions following.

Set up other partitions and encrypt if you want

If you are dual booting Windows, your Windows partition should show up during manual partitioning, and you should not have to change anything for it. I recommend following Debian’s recommended partitioning scheme for your remaining partitions.

Other notes

You may have to clear the data on the partitions (other than your Windows partition!) for this to work, and go through the installer steps between partitioning and installing GRUB again so that the installer puts files in the correct location. If you proceed right to installing GRUB again, this solution may not work.

Hope this helps!

Solve while still in the installer

I was able to solve this issue while installing Debian Stretch via USB stick on a Dell Precision 5820 with drive encryption. I was not dual booting Windows, but I believe the solution would work if I was. I had already disabled secure boot. I was getting the same error about installing grub in dummy while installing, but I did not exit the installer.

I believe the issue, was where /boot and /boot/efi were mounted. I solved the problem during the install by going back to the partitioning step and changing my partition table with manual partitioning.

First setup boot partitions unencrypted:

• EFI System Partition (ESP) with /boot/efi mounted — This is required for UEFI boot systems
• biosgrub partition, or Reserved BIOS boot area — This becomes space for the bootloader files. You will not be able to make this partition «bootable» because the ESP is bootable.

It is imperative that these be unencrypted, and it is recommended that they are at the beginning of the disk or available free space with other partitions following.

Set up other partitions and encrypt if you want

If you are dual booting Windows, your Windows partition should show up during manual partitioning, and you should not have to change anything for it. I recommend following Debian’s recommended partitioning scheme for your remaining partitions.

Other notes

You may have to clear the data on the partitions (other than your Windows partition!) for this to work, and go through the installer steps between partitioning and installing GRUB again so that the installer puts files in the correct location. If you proceed right to installing GRUB again, this solution may not work.

Hope this helps!

Ну как вариант — загрузится с live-флешки и выполнить grub-update. Можно даже с live-флешки с Убунтой.

Дико извиняюсь. Конечно sudo update-grub. Неправильно команду напечатал.

Покажите: /sbin/fdisk –l, cat /dev/sdaX/etc/fstab, cat /dev/sdaX/boot/grub/device.map

Пока не закрыли. Скачал свежий debian-testing-i386-DVD-1.iso та же ошибка. Это свойственно всем дистрибутивам, или тестинговой сборке? Если скачаю DVD stable с него груб встанет? Ставил все с  оптических дисков. винт сата в режиме асчи, или как там его кличут.

Solve while still in the installer

I was able to solve this issue while installing Debian Stretch via USB stick on a Dell Precision 5820 with drive encryption. I was not dual booting Windows, but I believe the solution would work if I was. I had already disabled secure boot. I was getting the same error about installing grub in dummy while installing, but I did not exit the installer.

I believe the issue, was where /boot and /boot/efi were mounted. I solved the problem during the install by going back to the partitioning step and changing my partition table with manual partitioning.

First setup boot partitions unencrypted:

• EFI System Partition (ESP) with /boot/efi mounted — This is required for UEFI boot systems
• biosgrub partition, or Reserved BIOS boot area — This becomes space for the bootloader files. You will not be able to make this partition «bootable» because the ESP is bootable.

It is imperative that these be unencrypted, and it is recommended that they are at the beginning of the disk or available free space with other partitions following.

Set up other partitions and encrypt if you want

If you are dual booting Windows, your Windows partition should show up during manual partitioning, and you should not have to change anything for it. I recommend following Debian’s recommended partitioning scheme for your remaining partitions.

Other notes

You may have to clear the data on the partitions (other than your Windows partition!) for this to work, and go through the installer steps between partitioning and installing GRUB again so that the installer puts files in the correct location. If you proceed right to installing GRUB again, this solution may not work.

Hope this helps!

Есть цель — поставить убунту рядом с Windows 10. До этого линукс никогда не устанавливал, а опыт использования был непродолжительным и не связанным с его технической частью.

В какой-то момент установки вылетает окно со словами: «Не удалось выполнить команду ‘grub-install/dev/sda2. Это неисправимая ошибка.’»:

Потом 2 окна, что установка завершена, и что программа установки аварийно завершена. Потом ещё одно окно с заголовком: «Installation failed», и текстом: «The installer encountered an unrecoverable error. A desktop session will now be run so that you may investigate the problem or try installing again».

При повторной установке всё то же.

Если кому-то внесёт ясность какая структура дисков моего ноутбука, то вот:

• Красным выделен тот раздел, куда я намерен установить убунту;
• Если я ничего не попутал, то: sda4 — диск C, sda7 — диск D, sda8 — то место, куда я хочу поставить убунту.

Да, я искал решения. Например, есть такой ответ: https://askubuntu.com/a/571582. Возможно, это решение, но я его даже с переводчиком не понял .

Если нужны ещё какие-то данные, то уточняйте, я сделаю апдейт вопроса.

UPD1. Попробовал установить grub не в sda2, а в sda — всё то же, прерывается на том же месте.